Wastes generated by manufacturing or various industrial processes are known as industrial wastes. The waste produced is of three kinds – solid, liquid and gas. Some industrial wastes may be toxic and hazardous like industrial effluent, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.
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What is the treatment of industrial waste?
Industrial waste treatment Many different types of solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes are discharged by industries. Most industrial waste is recycled, treated and discharged, or placed in a landfill. There is no one means of managing industrial wastes because the nature of the wastes varies widely from one industry to another.
What are the effects of industrial waste management?
Industrial wastes and industries are destroying natural habitat of many species and responsible for wildlife extinction. Proper disposal and treatment is the only solution of prevention from effects of industrial wastes. Management of industrial solid waste is not the responsibility of local bodies or governments.
What are the three types of waste produced by an industry?
It produces three kinds of wastes - solid, liquid and gas such as chemicals, ashes, industrial effluent, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide etc. Which should be decomposed or managed efficiently to keep ourselves and our environment safe.
What are the hazards of wastewater treatment plants?
Inhalation Hazards / Toxic Fumes Corrosion Reactive Hydraulic Capacity Large slug wastewater or continuous flow - sewer backup or pump station overflow - process disruptions at treatment plant Flow equalization
How many types of industrial wastes and what are they?
Industrial waste, generally, can be categorized into two types, i.e., nonhazardous and hazardous. Nonhazardous industrial waste is the waste from industrial activity, which does not pose a threat to public health or environment, e.g., carton, plastic, metals, glass, rock, and organic waste.
What is classified as industrial waste?
Types of industrial waste include dirt and gravel, masonry and concrete, scrap metal, oil, solvents, chemicals, scrap lumber, even vegetable matter from restaurants. Industrial waste may be solid, semi-solid or liquid in form.
What are the different types of wastes as viewed by industrial engineers?
Common Motion Waste examples include:Poor workstation layout.Poor production planning.Poor process design.Shared equipment and machines.Siloed operations.Lack of production standards.
What are some examples of industrial waste?
Industrial waste is defined as waste generated by manufacturing or industrial processes. The types of industrial waste generated include cafeteria garbage, dirt and gravel, masonry and concrete, scrap metals, trash, oil, solvents, chemicals, weed grass and trees, wood and scrap lumber, and similar wastes.
What are 3 types of industrial waste?
Characterizing the Different Types of Industrial WasteChemical Waste. Chemical waste is typically generated by factories, processing centers, warehouses, and plants. ... Solid Waste. ... Toxic and Hazardous Waste.
What are the types of waste?
Sources of waste can be broadly classified into four types: Industrial, Commercial, Domestic, and Agricultural.Industrial Waste. These are the wastes created in factories and industries. ... Commercial Waste. Commercial wastes are produced in schools, colleges, shops, and offices. ... Domestic Waste. ... Agricultural Waste.
What are the main 7 type of waste?
The 7 Wastes of Lean ProductionOverproduction. Overproduction is the most obvious form of manufacturing waste. ... Inventory. This is the waste that is associated with unprocessed inventory. ... Defects. ... Motion. ... Over-processing. ... Waiting. ... Transportation. ... Additional forms of waste.More items...•
How does industrial waste affect the environment?
Even the earth's soil can become polluted, mainly due to industrial wastes being thrown into landfills. These chemicals and toxic materials can destroy the fertility of the soil, decrease the productivity of crops and even lead to the contamination of foods that we may eventually consume.
What are the effects of industrial waste?
Several waterborne pathogens proliferate in wastewater and produce toxins, affecting the earth's ecosystem and human health. The toxins in industrial wastewater cause acute poisoning, immune system suppression and reproductive failure. According to the WHO, around 80% of diseases are waterborne.
What are the various sources and types of industrial waste water?
Sources of industrial wastewater include battery manufacturing, chemical manufacturing, electric power plants, food industry, iron and steel industry, metal working, mines and quarries, nuclear industry, oil and gas extraction, petroleum refining and petrochemicals, pharmaceutical manufacturing, pulp and paper industry ...
What are the types of industry?
Industries and sectorsAgriculture; plantations;other rural sectors.Basic Metal Production.Chemical industries.Commerce.Construction.Education.Financial services; professional services.Food; drink; tobacco.More items...
What are the types of industrial waste water?
Generally, industrial wastewater can be divided into two types: inorganic industrial wastewater and organic industrial wastewater.
Q.1. Give some industrial waste examples?
Ans: Some industrial waste examples are garbage, dirt, and gravel, concrete wastes, scrap metals, trash, oil, solvents, chemicals, leather, heavy m...
Q.2. How many types of industrial waste are there?
Ans: Once the desired products are manufactured, based on how these industrial wastes are decomposed, they are classified into two types: Biodegrad...
Q.3. What's considered industrial waste?
Ans: Wastes produced by industrial activity which includes waste products of mills, factories, mining operations, fabric, leather industries, and m...
Q.4. Why is industrial waste a problem?
Ans: Industrial waste is a big problem as it may be toxic, flammable, corrosive, or reactive. Some toxic contaminants have been found in living org...
Q.5. What are the effects of industrial waste?
Ans: Some of the effects are industrial waste water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, global warming, wildlife extinction, etc.
Q.6. What is prescribed industrial waste?
Ans: Prescribed Industrial Wastes (PIW) include some special hazardous chemicals or wastes that must be handled and disposed of in specific ways pr...
Q.7. What is agro-industrial waste?
Ans: Agro-industrial wastes are the wastes produced after various agricultural activities. Agro-industrial wastes are used for the production of bi...
What are the drawbacks of industrial waste?
Industrial Waste: Although industries have proved to be very helpful to our society it has various drawbacks and one of the most important ones is pollution caused by Industrial Wastes! Wastes generated by manufacturing or various industrial processes are known as industrial wastes. Some industrial wastes may be toxic and hazardous. Hence, we need proper management for their disposal.
How is industrial waste disposal done?
Industrial waste disposal can be done in numerous ways based on their types. Solid waste can be collected by regular waste disposal and collection methods, though it should be ensured that solid waste is recycled, wherever possible.
What are some examples of biodegradable waste?
Common examples of biodegradable wastes are cattle dung and compost, animal bones, tea leaves, wool, paper, leather, etc. Many industrial wastes are biodegradable but some are not. Thus, all the biodegradable industrial wastes should be treated to make them harmless before disposing them into soil or water.
How to prevent industrial waste gases?
In order to prevent industrial waste gases, use of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, etc. should be avoided as they produce harmful gases on burning. Industries should switch to renewable sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy.
What are some examples of non-biodegradable industrial waste?
Examples of such non-biodegradable industrial waste are plastics, ball-point pen refills, synthetic fibers, glass materials, and metallic substances like aluminum cans, iron nails, silver foil , and other radioactive was tes. All such wastes are adversely affecting our environment as well as our ecosystem at an alarming rate.
What is the most common threat to our society?
In today’s world, the most common threat to our society is industrial waste. Wastes generated by manufacturing or various industrial processes are known as industrial wastes . The different types of industrial waste generated include concrete waste, scrap metals, trash, oil and solvents, chemicals, wood from trees, and many more.
How can industrial waste be reduced?
Industrial solid wastes can be reduced by taking following measure: Recycle and Reuse the wastes – Most of the solid wastes produced by industries, household activities, paper wastes etc., should be recycled and reused to reduce solid wastes.
What is industrial waste treatment?
Industrial-waste treatment encompasses a wide array of environmental, technical, and regulatory considerations. Regardless of the industry type, the evaluation and selection of waste treatment technologies follow various steps that help to meet the goal of minimizing waste toxicity and volume. These steps describe the waste-producing processes and evaluate the optimal balance of efficiency and cost, where the cost includes both treatment and disposal. This chapter presents an illustration of the treatment-evaluation process as applied to two different waste streams: industrial wastewater and air emissions. The chapter demonstrates, through specific examples, the basic engineering approach to evaluate and select waste-treatment technologies. This approach provides a basis for the evaluation of an industrial-process technology or treatment train. It can be applied, in an abbreviated form, to the evaluation of individual equipment choices or, in very detailed form, to the design of an entire treatment facility. When coupled with an understanding of the cost and consequences of the final disposal, it ensures a sound and effective treatment system for even the most complex waste stream.
What is the most promising technology for industrial waste treatment?
Recently, for industrial waste treatment the most promising and fascinating technology is microbial fuel cell (MFC).
How does trickling filtration work?
As previously mentioned, the trickling filtration process is like the activated sludge process, except that the microorganisms working to stabilize the organic waste material are attached to a fixed bed rather than being suspended. The waste water is distributed from rotary nozzles over the bed, which usually consists of coarse, rough, hard material that gives support to the biological film. The organics in the waste water are oxidized after assimilation by the bacteria. Periodically, the film will become so thick that it can no longer be supported on the medium and will slough off and be discharged into the effluent from the filter. This sludge will then go to the secondary settling tank and be removed with that from the primary settling tank. The trickling filtration process is said to be advantageous because it can provide good performance with a minimum of skilled operator attention and use less energy. However, the process is highly temperature dependent and will not always perform in accord with the requirements of present-day regulatory agencies. Other variables affecting performance include the organic and hydraulic loading rates and the biodegradability of the waste water. For the treatment of industrial waste waters, a trickling filter is considered a pretreatment process usually designed to remove approximately 50% of the BOD. Note that recirculation of the effluent into the influent is commonly practiced to reduce influent organic concentration and maintain a “wetted” filter growth.
How is activated sludge formed?
The activated sludge process consists of maintaining an active floc in a tank supplied with oxygen so that maximum contact is made between the incoming waste water and the microorganisms in the floc. In the conventional process, a rectangular tank is usually used and the waste water is introduced into a concentration of microorganisms maintained in the tank. Air is introduced, either in the form of bubbles through diffusers or by turbulent agitation of the liquid by an impeller. The microbe concentration is maintained in the tank by returning a certain portion of the sludge that passes through the tank and is settled out in a secondary sedimentation basin. The activated sludge process produces new cell material which will become part of the activated sludge mass. Part of the settled material therefore, must be disposed of, and a portion must be introduced into the incoming raw waste water in order to have an active population of microorganisms that will feed on the organic compounds.
What is integrated waste management?
The integrated waste management (IWM) concept combines waste streams, waste collection, and treatment and disposal methods, with the objective of achieving environmental benefits, economic optimization, and social acceptability . In this context, LCA represents a method of assessing the environmental relevance of an IWM system, as a suitable instrument for comparing different systems of waste management (processes and process combinations) in relation to their environmental impact. LCA for waste management specifically focuses on the environmental consequences of discarding waste materials and consumer products, identifying the impacts of waste collection and treatment, and any potential benefit of utilizing the discarded material. Through the examination of various treatment scenarios for wastes, LCA can help to identify optimal environmental solutions for managing wastes, without the risk of the choice of decisions resulting in worsening the overall impact. The model of a waste management system can be either simple, if aiming at the optimization of single flows or process parameters, or complex when set up for supporting the development of waste management strategies.
What pH is required for industrial waste discharge?
Typically, industrial waste discharge permits require that the pH be within the values of 6.5 and 8.5, and many industrial waste treatment processes require that the pH be held within a range of plus or minus 0.5 pH units. Some treatment processes require an even smaller pH range for successful operation.
How is aerobic water treatment optimized?
The process is identical to that occurring in an aerobic stream, except that in the waste water treatment plant, the process is optimized by reduced time requirements and a continuous supply of oxygen to maintain an aerobic state.
Why is wastewater important to the environment?
Industries use large quantities of water and also release a huge quantity of wastewater which contain many harmful chemicals and heavy metals. This wastewater pollutes natural sources of water and ultimately our health and environment. It is one of the main causes of global warming.
What is recycling and disposal?
Recycling and Disposal – If during recovery we get any useful materials then recycling should be done and disposal should be done of waste and harmful materials.
What are some examples of non-biodegradable waste?
Such waste is the major source of toxins in the landfills. Chemicals, metals, plastics, paints, rubber etc. are examples of non-biodegradable wastes. These materials can remain as landfills for thousands of years without any damage. Toxins from metals and plastics get soaked into the earth and pollute the soil and water sources.
What industries produce biodegradable waste?
Some industries such as the paper industry, food industry, sugar industry, wool industry etc. mostly produce biodegradable industrial wastes. Management of these wastes can be done at low cost and easily. Non-biodegradable wastes – Non-biodegradable waste cannot be further decomposed via the action of the microorganisms.
What are the two types of industrial waste?
Types of industrial wastes. Industrial waste can be divided into following two types –. Biodegradable industrial waste. Non – biodegradable industrial waste. Biodegradable wastes – Those waste materials which can be decomposed into simpler unharmful substances by the action of microorganisms are called biodegradable wastes.
What are the three types of waste that are produced by industrial processes?
Industries, mills, mining operations, power plants etc. produce a huge amount of waste. It produces three kinds of wastes - solid, liquid and gas such as chemicals, ashes, industrial effluent, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide etc. Which should be decomposed or managed efficiently to keep ourselves and our environment safe.
How does industrial waste affect soil?
Industrial wastewater destroys useful bacteria and other microorganisms present in soil. Some industries cause sound pollution as well. Industrial wastes and industries are destroying natural habitat of many species and responsible for wildlife extinction.
Treatment technology
At present, contaminated industrial waste is contaminated, and the uncontrolled discharge has become a major issue. Heavy metals are non-biodegradable, persistent and continue to exceed the permissible concentration of very large compounds in cells and cause cellular toxicity. The only way to think of them is to eliminate them is immobilizing.
Treatment by Biosorption
Here, microbial biomass provides a financial opportunity to eliminate heavy metals through the biosorption phenomenon. Some reactive groups, such as carbohydrates, congenital, imidazole, phosphate, sulfhydryl, sulfate and hydroxyl groups are metal sequestrants on their cell surface due to lack of biomass or death.
Solidification
Solidification is the physical stabilization process aimed to improve the engineering parameters of the materials, such as compressive strength, bearing capacity, wear resistance and erosion prevention strength, and permeability so that the happen of release of contaminants from solidified blocks in a disposal site can be decreased.
What is industrial waste
The industrial waste , as the name suggests, are those from the processes of manufacturing , processing, use, cleaning, maintenance or consumption which are generated by industries.
Examples of industrial waste
Now that you know what they are, here you can see a list of examples of industrial waste :
Types of industrial waste
Waste can be classified according to its origin . In this article we are going to talk in detail about industrial waste, that is, those generated in the industrial sector, however, it is important to mention that there are more types of waste :
Classification of industrial waste
Within the group of industrial waste, these can be classified into three large blocks. This is the classification of industrial waste :
Industrial waste management
As we have been saying throughout the article, industrial waste must be treated correctly, since many of it are highly dangerous. Therefore, several stages must be followed for proper management.
What is the cradle to grave program?
The "cradle to grave" management of hazardous wastes is to be performed in accordance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976 and the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984. In 1990, the United States, through the Pollution Prevention Act , adopted a program designed to reduce the volume and toxicity ...
What is industrial waste treatment?
Industrial waste treatment. Many different types of solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes are discharged by industries. Most industrial waste is recycled, treated and discharged, or placed in a landfill . There is no one means of managing industrial wastes because the nature of the wastes varies widely from one industry to another.
How to design a waste management program?
In designing a waste management program for an industry, one must think first in terms of P2 opportunities, identify and characterize the various solid, liquid and gaseous waste streams, consider relevant legislation, and then design an appropriate waste management system. Treatment systems that rely on physical (e.g., settling, floatation, screening, sorption , membrane technologies, air stripping) and chemical (e.g., coagulation, precipitation, chemical oxidation and reduction, pH adjustment) operations are referred to as physicochemical, whereas systems in which microbes are cultured to metabolize waste constituents are known as biological processes (e.g., activated sludge , trickling filters , biotowers, aerated lagoons, anaerobic digestion , aerobic digestion, composting ). Oftentimes, both physicochemical and biological systems are used to treat solid and liquid waste streams. Biological systems might be used to treat certain gas streams, but most waste gas streams are treated physicochemically (e.g., cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers , bag filters, thermal methods). Solids and the sludges or residuals that result from treating the liquid and gaseous waste streams are also treated by means of physical, chemical, and biological methods.
What is P2 in the US?
In 1990, the United States, through the Pollution Prevention Act , adopted a program designed to reduce the volume and toxicity of waste discharges. Pollution prevention (P2) strategies might involve changing process equipment or chemistry, developing new processes, eliminating products, minimizing wastes, recycling water or chemicals , trading wastes with another company, etc. In 1991, the EPA instituted the 33/50 program which was to result in an overall 33% reduction of 17 high priority pollutants by 1992 and a 50% reduction of the pollutants by 1995. Both goals were surpassed. Not only has this program been successful, but it sets an important precedence because the participating companies volunteered. Additionally, P2 efforts have led industries to rigorously think through product life cycles. A Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) starts with consideration for acquiring raw materials, moves through the stages related to processing, assembly, service and reuse , and ends with retirement/disposal. The LCA therefore reveals to industry the costs and problems versus the benefits for every stage in the life of a product.
What is treatment at the company before discharge to a sewer?
Treatment at the company before discharge to a sewer is referred to as pretreatment. Another company might generate a waste which is regarded as hazardous and therefore requires special management procedures related to storage, transportation and final disposal.
Is POTW treating industrial waste?
The local POTW therefore may be treating both types of wastes. To avoid potential problems caused by the input of industrial wastes, municipalities commonly have pretreatment programs which require that industrial wastes discharged to the sewer meet certain standards.
Which agency regulates the priority pollutants under the CWA?
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was also charged with the responsibility of regulating the priority pollutants under the CWA. The CWA specifies that toxic and nonconventional pollutants are to be treated with the Best Available Technology (BAT).
What is industrial waste management?
Industrial waste management deals with all types of wastes relating to industries, including industrial, biological and household, before, during, or after production, and even after usage by consumers. In some cases, waste can pose threat to human health.
What are the steps involved in risk assessment of industrial wastes?
The steps involved in risk assessment of industrial wastes include hazard identification and characterization, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Treatment levels of wastewater are often identified as primary, secondary and tertiary.
What temperature does pyrolysis take place?
Pyrolysis usually takes place under pressure and at. temperatures of about 430 o C. The solid waste is converted into gasses, small amounts of liquid, and solid residue. them at high temperatures until the waste materials turn into ashes.
What are the elements that are considered flame retardants?
as cadmium, lead, beryllium, and brominated flame retardants. The
What is the third advanced level of wastewater?
solids. Tertiary t reatment i s the third, advanced level of wastewater
What is primary treatment?
Primary treatment involves separating a part of the suspended solids from wastewater. Secondary treatment involves further treatment of effluent. Biological processes accomplish the removal of organic matter and residual suspended solids.
How is e-waste management changing?
The landscape of electronic waste, e-waste, management is changing dramatically. Besides a rapidly increasing world population, globalization is driving the demand for products, resulting in rising prices for many materials. Absolute scarcity looms for some special resources such as indium. Used electronic products and recyclable materials are increasingly crisscrossing the globe. This is creating both - opportunities and challenges for e-waste management. This focuses on the current and future trends, technologies and regulations for reusable and recyclable e-waste worldwide. It compares international e-waste management perspectives and regulations under a view that includes the environmental, social and economic aspects of the different linked systems. It overviews the current macro-economic trends from material demand to international policy to waste scavenging, examines particular materials and product streams in detail and explores the future for e-waste and its’ management considering technology progress, improving end-of-lifecycle designs, policy and sustainability perspectives. To achieve this, the volume has been divided in twelve chapters that cover three major themes: holistic view of the global e-waste situation current reserve supply chain and management of used electronics, including flows, solutions, policies and regulations future perspectives and solutions for a sustainable e-waste management. The emphasis of the book is mainly on the dramatic change of the entire e-waste sector from the cheapest way of getting rid of e-waste in an environmental sound way to how e-waste can help to reduce excavation of new substances and lead to a sustainable economy. It is an ideal resource for policy-makers, waste managers and researchers involved in the design and implementation of e-waste.
