What results are obtained from the analysis of infectious agents in specimens?
The analysis of infectious agents in laboratory specimens generates results that can fall into two categories: presumptive data and confirmatory data. T or F Which of the following organisms produces an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide? Staphylococcus aureus is part of the differential diagnosis of which of the following diseases?
What determines the clinical presentation of an infectious disease?
General Concepts Manifestations of Infection The clinical presentation of an infectious disease reflects the interaction between the host and the microorganism. This interaction is affected by the host immune status and microbial virulence factors. Signs and symptoms vary according to the site and severity of infection.
Why is it important to identify the microbial cause of infection?
Whether caring for an individual patient with an infectious disease or responding to a worldwide pandemic, the rapid and accurate establishment of a microbial cause is fundamental to quality care.
Is sufficient information collected to make a diagnosis?
As noted in the committee's conceptual model of the diagnostic process, an overarching question throughout the process is whether sufficient information has been collected to make a diagnosis. This does not mean that a diagnosis needs to be absolutely certain in order to initiate treatment.
When minute samples of DNA need to be genetically analyzed for identification purposes which test can be effectively used?
When minute samples of DNA need to be genetically analyzed for identification purposes, which test can be effectively used? Fluorescent dye can be used as a label to trace antibody-antigen reactions in an ELISA assay.
Which of the following test can be performed on patients rather than on microbial isolates from patient specimens?
Antibody titers in patient blood can be checked without the isolation of microbes from the patient. D. Phage testing is a type of testing method that can be performed on the patient to aid in the process of microbial identification.
Which of the following is NOT a phenotypic method of identification?
Which of the following is not a phenotypic method of identification? colony morphology. culturing of the organism is not required.
Why are rapid identification kits used?
Rapid methods are important for the rapid detection of foodborne pathogens in food products to prevent outbreaks of foodborne diseases and the spread of foodborne pathogens. Rapid detection methods are generally more sensitive, specific, time-efficient, labor-saving, and reliable than conventional methods.
What are culture-independent methods?
In this context, the term “culture-independent techniques” was coined. This term indicates the use of methods that are not based on cultivation to study microorganisms in a specific ecosystem. Undoubtedly, culture-independent methods offer a number of advantages over culture-dependent methods.
What is culture-independent?
Culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) are changing the way that clinical laboratories diagnose patients with foodborne illness. These tests can identify the general type of bacteria causing illness within hours, without having to culture, or grow the bacteria in a laboratory.
Which is the primary advantage of genotypic identification of infectious agents?
C. colony morphology. The primary advantage of genotypic methods of identification is A. they are easier than any other method.
What is used to identify microbes present in environmental samples through the analysis of DNA?
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to detect microorganisms that are present in soil, water, and atmospheric environments. By amplifying specific sections of DNA, PCR can facilitate the detection and identification of target microorganisms down to the species, strain, and serovar/pathovar level.
Which test is the confirming test for people who initially tested antibody positive in the screening Elisa test?
The ELISA test is typically the first test ordered by a healthcare provider. In case of a positive result from this test, the ELISA test was previously followed by a test called a Western blot to confirm the diagnosis.
What is the role of the rapid tests for identification of bacteria?
Using rapid techniques, both bacteria and yeast can be identified either to genus or genus and species with a high degree of certainty. The majority of the testing can be performed within two hours after obtaining a pure microbial colony.
Why are culture specimens obtained?
Why are culture specimens obtained? When a doctor wants to identify the causative agent of a disease. When the organism is not affected by the particular antibiotics.
What is rapid identification?
The term “rapid test method” simply describes a variety of detection and identification tests, from those that take only a few minutes to perform to those that may require days. Rapid is a relative term; essentially, it refers to a faster method than conventional enrichment and culture-based testing.
What is the purpose of phenotypic microbiology?
genotypic. microbiologists use phenotypic techniques, which consist of both microscopic and marcosopic observations to help identify bacteria. true. the success of identification and treatment of a patients infection is independent of how specimens are collected, handled, and stored.
Can an Elisa test detect antibodies?
the elisa test can detect both antibodies and specific antigens. true. in direct elisa, what is added first to the microtiter well. antibodies. what indicates the presence of the substance being tested for in the elisa test.
What is the purpose of a clinical history interview?
Performing a clinical history and interview, conducting a physical exam, performing diagnostic testing, and referring or consulting with other clinicians are all ways of accumulating information that may be relevant to understanding a patient's health problem.
What are the four types of information gathering activities in the diagnostic process?
The committee identified four types of information-gathering activities in the diagnostic process: taking a clinical history and interview; performing a physical exam; obtaining diagnostic testing; and sending a patient for referrals or consultations.
Why is time important in diagnostics?
Time. Of major importance in the diagnostic process is the element of time. Most diseases evolve over time, and there can be a delay between the onset of disease and the onset of a patient's symptoms; time can also elapse before a patient's symptoms are recognized as a specific diagnosis (Zwaan and Singh, 2015).
What is diagnostic process?
The committee concluded that the diagnostic process is a complex, patient-centered, collaborative activity that involves information gathering and clinical reasoning with the goal of determining a patient's health problem.
What is clinical reasoning?
Clinical reasoning is “the cognitive process that is necessary to evaluate and manage a patient's medical problems ” (Barrows, 1980, p. 19).