INDICATIONS AND USAGE TEMOZOLOMIDE Capsules, USP are an alkylating drug indicated for the treatment of adult patients with: • Newly diagnosed glioblastoma concomitantly with radiotherapy and then as maintenance treatment. (1.1) • Refractory anaplastic astrocytoma who have experienced disease progression on a drug regimen containing nitrosourea and procarbazine. (1.2) 1.1 Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma TEMOZOLOMIDE Capsules, USP is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma concomitantly with radiotherapy and then as maintenance treatment. 1.2 Refractory Anaplastic Astrocytoma TEMOZOLOMIDE Capsules, USP is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with refractory anaplastic astrocytoma who have experienced disease progression on a drug regimen containing nitrosourea and procarbazine.
Full Answer
How does the nurse respond therapeutically when the patient is drowsy?
The nurse responds therapeutically by saying, a. "The physician ordered it; therefore you must take your medication every morning at the same time whether you're drowsy or not." b. "Let's change the time you take your pill to 9 PM, so the drowsiness occurs when you would normally be sleeping."
How does the nurse know that patient education about a buccal medication?
The nurse knows that patient education about a buccal medication has been effective when the patient states a. "I should let the medication dissolve completely." b. "I can only drink water, not juice, with this medication." c. "For faster distribution, I should chew my medication first."
What suggests a favorable response to furosemide?
A patient has heart failure, and a high dose of furosemide is ordered. What suggests a favorable response to furosemide? A. A decrease in level of consciousness occurs, and the patient sleeps more
What should the patient be observed during treatment for tardive dyskinesia?
The patient should be observed for signs of agitation or irritation. The environment should be quiet and calm to provide minimal stimulation to the patient. The stimulation levels should be decreased, and patient's family should be instructed to decrease stimulation and reduce noise, including not visiting too frequently.
What is temozolomide used to treat?
Temozolomide is used to treat specific types of brain cancer (eg, glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic astrocytoma) in patients whose tumors have returned or whose tumors have just been diagnosed. It belongs to the group of medicines known as antineoplastics (cancer medicines).
What is the drug Temodar used for?
Temodar (temozolomide) This chemotherapy medication is given for a variety of brain tumors types, primarily gliomas. It may be prescribed at a lower dose for daily use during radiation therapy or at a higher dose when used for only five days per month.
What is temozolomide chemotherapy?
Temozolomide (TMZ) is a chemotherapy drug that has been shown to improve average survival rate for people with some high grade brain tumours. Temozolomide (pronounced tee-mo-zol-oh-m-ide) is a type of chemotherapy drug that's approved for the treatment of glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas.
When do you take temozolomide?
Temozolomide comes as a capsule to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day in the evening at bedtime. Take temozolomide capsules on an empty stomach with a glass of water. Take temozolomide at around the same time every day.
What is Temodar chemotherapy?
Temodar (temozolomide) This chemotherapy medication is given for a variety of brain tumors types, primarily gliomas. It may be prescribed at a lower dose for daily use during radiation therapy or at a higher dose when used for only five days per month.
What type of drug is Temodar?
Temozolomide belongs to a class of drugs known as alkylating agents. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.
How effective is temozolomide?
Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and temozolomide can be efficacious, with a complete response rate of 85% in one small study.
How often is temozolomide given?
Adults—Dose is based on body size and must be determined by your doctor. The starting dose is usually 150 milligrams (mg) per square meter (m[2]) of body size once a day for 5 days, and then you stop taking it for the next 23 days. This dose cycle may be repeated every 28 days, for up to 2 years.
Which drug is used to treat brain tumor in a patient?
The chemotherapy drug used most often to treat brain tumors is temozolomide (Temodar). Other chemotherapy drugs may be recommended depending on the type of cancer.
What is temozolomide made of?
Temozolomide is a prodrug; it is spontaneously hydrolyzed at physiological pH to 3-methyl-(triazen-1-yl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC), which further splits into monomethylhydrazine, likely the active methylating agent, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AIC).
Does temozolomide cross the blood brain barrier?
TMZ is 100% bioavailable when taken orally and, because of its small size and lipophilic properties, it is able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Concentrations in the central nervous system are approximately 30% of plasma concentrations.
What to do if a nurse is apprehensive about a medication?
ANS: B. If the nurse is apprehensive about the drug, dose, route, or reason for a medication, the nurse should first call the prescriber and clarify. The nurse should not change the order without the prescriber's consent.
Why can't a nurse give a medication without an order?
The nurse cannot give a medication without an order because this violates the "Right Time" portion of the Six Rights of Medication Administration.
How late can you take a medication?
Taking a medication 30 minutes late is within the 60-minute window of the time medications should be taken. Medications should be stopped based on the provider's orders. With some medications, such as antibiotics, it is crucial that the full course of medication is taken to avoid relapse of infection.
Can a nurse mix medication into a maintenance bag?
The nurse should not mix medication into the maintenance bag without pharmacist and physician approval. Pushing the medication is not a time-efficient method for the nurse. A cath-tipped syringe is an inappropriate device for administration of a medication.
Can a nurse administer medication?
The nurse should not leave the medication room with a nonprescribed medication; the physician can be contacted once the medication is replaced safely. The nurse cannot administer a medication when there is no current order; this is a violation of the Six Rights of Medication Administration.
Can a nurse remove a narcotic from a patient profile?
Call the pharmacy and request that the narcotic be removed from the patient profile. ANS: A. The nurse should follow Nurse Practice Acts and safe narcotic administration guidelines by safely returning the medication to the secure medication dispenser. This allows for an accurate narcotic count.
Can a nurse refuse to give medication?
Ultimately, the nurse can be held responsible for administering an incorrect medication. If the prescriber is unwilling to change the order and does not justify the order in a reasonable and evidence-based manner, the nurse may refuse to give the medication and notify her supervisor. DIF: Apply REF: 584-588 .
When providing client education about the medication, the nurse would state: "If nephrotoxicity occurs, it is
When providing client education about the medication, the nurse would state: If nephrotoxicity occurs, it is usually reversible if the drug is stopped. A client with a gram-negative bacterial infection has been prescribed a fluoroquinolone.
How does sulfonamide work?
The sulfonamides are bacteriostatic and work by inhibiting the activity of folic acid in bacterial cell metabolism. Finally the cephalosporins have a beta-lactam ring and target the bacterial cell wall, making it defective and unstable. A client is prescribed ciprofloxacin for an acute sinus infection.
How long does it take to draw blood for gentamicin?
Blood for peak levels of gentamicin is drawn 30 minutes after the completion of a 30-minute intravenous (IV) administration or immediately after a 60-minute IV administration and 45 to 60 minutes after intramuscular (IM) administration. Blood for trough levels is drawn just before the next dose. The nursing student correctly identifies the class ...
How does penicillin work?
Penicillins work by inhibiting the bacterial cell activitites including cell wall synthesis, DNA or RNA synthesis, and protein synthesis. The sulfonamides are bacteriostatic and work by inhibiting the activity of folic acid in bacterial cell metabolism.
When should gentamicin be withdrawn?
To avoid permanent ototoxic damage, gentamicin should be withdrawn at the first sign of tinnitus or persistent headache. This supersedes the modification of the client's care plan and slowing down the infusion of the drug does not mitigate the potential for ototoxic effects.
Is furosemide a loop diuretic?
Furosemide is a loop diuretic. Therefore, the nurse should be especially careful to monitor clients for ototoxicity (tinnitus, dizziness, roaring in the ears, vertigo, and mild to severe hearing loss) when aminoglycosides are used concomitantly with furosemide.
Is Norfloxacin safe for urinary tract infections?
Norfloxacin is recommended only for certain urinary tract infections. A nurse has been performing vigilant assessments of a patient who is receiving doses of intravenous gentamicin, each over 30 minutes. A blood sample for peak gentamicin levels should be drawn. 30 minutes after the drug has finished infusing.
What is the inflammation of the nasal mucosa due to allergens such as pollens, animal
Select all that apply. Allergic rhinitis is the inflammation of nasal mucosa due to allergens such as pollens, animal dander, house molds, or dust mites. The patient with allergic rhinitis will have pale, boggy, and swollen nasal turbinates. Decongestants increase the vasoconstriction of the blood vessels and help to reduce nasal congestion.
Why do nurses recommend a patient with sinusitis to take adequate rest?
The nurse instructs a patient with sinusitis to take adequate rest because it prevents fatigue and helps the body fight against infection-causing bacteria. The nurse also recommends that the patient drink plenty of water and remain hydrated in order to loosen nasal secretions.
What is the difference between cromolyn and triamcinolone?
Triamcinolone is a corticosteroid nasal spray used to treat sinusitis. Cromolyn spray is a mast cell stabilizer nasal spray used to treat rhinitis and sinusitis. A patient arrives at the clinic with chills, a runny nose, sore throat, purulent sputum, and a cough. The nurse auscultates crackles in the left lung base.
How long should I wait to use rhinitis spray?
It is used to prevent symptoms of rhinitis and should be used 10 to 15 minutes before likely exposure to a known allergen. It is not recommended for daily use. Using the spray after allergen exposure would not be beneficial. Using the spray after the symptoms appear would also not help the patient.
How often should a patient take a nasal saline wash?
The nurse recommends that the patient perform large-volume nasal saline washes once or twice a day in order to facilitate the removal of nasal fluids. The nurse should suggest that the patient take hot showers twice a day to provide comfort.
Why should a nurse pinch the lower part of the nose?
The nurse should pinch the lower soft part of the nose because this intervention helps to send the pressure back to the bleeding point in the nasal septum and stops the flow of blood.
How to control epistaxis?
To control epistaxis, the patient should be reassured and kept quiet. In epistaxis, approximately 90% of nosebleeds occur in the anterior portion of the nasal cavity and can be easily visualized. The patient should be made to sit, leaning slightly forward, with the head tilted forward.
What are the key words in a nurse tort?
The key words are client, surgeon, second opinion, lawsuit, and not involved. This question asks you to choose which tort the nurse committed. 1. Physical contact .....Assault is a physical attack on another person.
What is an assault nurse?
This question asks you to choose which tort the nurse committed. 1. Physical contact .....Assault is a physical attack on another person. The nurse is not physically touching the client or the surgeon, but is verbally accusing the surgeon of untrue rumors.
Why should I get a second opinion on cholecystectomy?
The nurse says to the client, "You should get a second opinion because your surgeon has been involved in several client lawsuits.".
How many drops of fluid are placed in the eye at a time?
After gently pulling down the lower conjunctival sac, only one drop is placed in the eye at a time, and the client will close eyes while dabbing away any fluid that drains out of the eye.
What is slander in nursing?
3. Verbal action....Slander is sharing verbal untruths that will harm the reputation of the surgeon being accused of untrue rumors. The nurse is verbally defaming the surgeon about possible lawsuits. 4.
Is an operating room sterile?
Such a room is not possible outside of an operating room, and while the OR is aseptic, even that room is not entirely sterile. There is also no information indicating the client's precise allergies; however, not even a private room is necessary except in situations where the client may be immunocompromised.
Is it safe to give a nurse a drop?
However, there is an even greater safety concern for the nurse. Option 2: No. While it is true that instilling the exact number of drops prescribed by the primary healthcare provider is crucial to the health of the client, this is still not the nurse's main safety priority. Option 3: Close but not most important.
Storage and Handling
- Store your medication in the original, labeled container at room temperature and in a dry location (unless otherwise directed by your healthcare provider or pharmacist). This medication should not be stored in a pillbox. Keep containers out of reach of children and pets. If a caregiver prepares …
Where Do I Get This medication?
- Oral temodar is available through retail pharmacies. Your oncology team will work with your prescription drug plan to identify an in-network pharmacy for the distribution of this medication.
Insurance Information
- This medication may be covered under your prescription drug plan. Patient assistance may be available to qualifying individuals without prescription drug coverage. Co-pay cards, which reduce the patient co-pay responsibility for eligible commercially (non-government sponsored) insured patients, are also available. Your care team can help you find these resources if they are availabl…
Possible Side Effects of Temozolomide
- There are a number of things you can do to manage the side effects of temozolomide. Talk to your care team about these recommendations. They can help you decide what will work best for you. These are some of the most common or important side effects: