How does AZT work to treat HIV?
AZT inhibits the enzyme (reverse transcriptase) that HIV uses to synthesize DNA, thus preventing viral DNA from forming.
How do drugs stop HIV from multiplying?
drugs that stop HIV from multiplying by blocking the reverse transcriptase enzyme. This enzyme changes HIV's genetic material (RNA) into the form of DNA. This step has to occur before HIV's genetic code gets combined with host cell's own genetic codes.
How does HIV attack the T cell?
The HIV attacks the T cell, which is part of the immune system, by binding to the CD4 receptor and coreceptor. d. People who are HIV positive do not necessarily have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
What is the structure of HIV?
The HIV consists of two strands of DNA and some enzymes encased in a coating. b. The HIV is an intracellular parasite whose replication depends primarily on metabolic processes of the host cell. c. The HIV attacks the T cell, which is part of the immune system, by binding to the CD4 receptor and coreceptor. d.
How does AZT treat HIV?
AZT belongs to a group of drugs called nucleoside analogues. AZT interferes with an enzyme called reverse transcriptase (RT), which is used by HIV-infected cells to make new viruses. Since AZT inhibits, or reduces the activity of this enzyme, this drug causes HIV-infected cells to produce fewer viruses.
How does AZT work quizlet?
AZT (Azidothymidine) fights HIV by interfering with reverse transcriptase and stopping the transcription of DNA.
When AZT is used to treat HIV infections Why does resistance to AZT usually develop?
The canonical AZT-resistance mutations cause AZT resistance because they enhance the ability of HIV-1 RT to bind ATP appropriately, thus enhancing the excision reaction.
What does AZT drug do?
Zidovudine (also known as AZT) is used together with other medicines for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
What is the function of protease inhibitors?
Protease inhibitors, which figure among the key drugs used to treat HIV, work by binding to proteolytic enzymes (proteases). That blocks their ability to function. Protease inhibitors don't cure HIV. But by blocking proteases, they can stop HIV from reproducing itself.
What effect do you think these analogs have on viral nucleic acid synthesis?
They are believed to inhibit viral replication by several mechanisms, either by competitive inhibition of the viral polymerase or by DNA chain termination.
How effective is AZT?
AZT may be effective in lowering HIV levels and boosting the immune system but its side effects are not understood in these patients. Detailed Description: There is a clear risk for development of AIDS in hemophilic patients. AZT administration has been shown to inhibit HIV replication in vitro.
How does AZT inhibit replication?
After being activated by phosphorylation in vivo, AZT inhibits HIV replication by blocking a critical HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. This enzyme uses the virus's RNA genome as a template to build a DNA version that can be inserted into the host's genome.
Why does incorporation of AZT into viral nucleic acids cause chain termination?
AZT is believed to act as a DNA chain terminator because the 3′-hydroxyl group of thymidine is replaced with an azide group, rendering it impossible for the following nucleotide to be incorporated by DNA polymerases.
When was AZT used?
AZT (zidovudine) In March of 1987, FDA approved zidovudine (AZT) as the first antiretroviral drug for the treatment of AIDS.
Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for AZT?
Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for AZT? it inhibits fusion of the viral envelope and host cell envelope.
What type of inhibitor is AZT?
AZT is an analog of the thymidine deoxynucleoside and is a member of the class called the nucleoside-analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors. AZT and other members of this class function by inhibiting the HIV reverse transcriptase. This halts the life cycle of the virus and slows the progression of AIDS.
What are the goals of treatment when prescribing antiretroviral medication to patients with HIV?
Terms in this set (14) The goals of treatment when prescribing antiretroviral medication to patients with HIV include: 1. Prevent vertical HIV transmission. 2. Improve quality of life. 3.
What are the predictors of successful treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-positive patients?
Predictors for successful treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-positive patients include: 1. They respond to a low-potency treatment regimen. 2.
What is the goal of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive patients?
The goal of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive patients is: 1. Maximum suppression of HIV replication. 2. Eradication of HIV virus from the body. 3. Determining a treatment regimen that is free of adverse effects. 4.
What are the goals of antiretroviral treatment?
The goals of treatment when prescribing antiretroviral medication to patients with HIV include: 1. Prevent vertical HIV transmission. 2. Improve quality of life. 3. Prolong survival. 4. All of the above.
What is the target of HIV?
Although HIV infects a variety of cells, its main target is the T4-lymphocyte (also called the "T-helper cell"), a kind of white blood cell that has lots of CD4 receptors. The T4-cell is responsible for warning your immune system that there are invaders in the system.
What are the things you need to know about HIV?
There are a few things you need to know in order to understand HIV infection. -DNA: DNA is like the "blueprint" for building living cells. -Enzymes: Enzymes are like the workers of a cell. They build new proteins, transport materials around the cell, and carry out other important cellular functions.
How long does it take for RNA to be detected in HIV?
RNA from HIV virus can be detected as soon as 6 to 12 days after exposure and about 2 weeks before antibodies are made. Both standard and rapid tests have sensitivity and specificity < 99%. Tests that detect HIV RNA are very sensitive, but more costly to perform, so are not typically used as screening.
What happens when HIV binds to a CD4+ surface receptor?
When HIV binds to a CD4+ surface receptor, it activates other proteins on the cell's surface, allowing the HIV envelope to fuse to the outside of the cell. Entry can be blocked by entry inhibitors. Step 2: HIV's genes are carried in two strands of RNA, while the genetic material of human cells is found in DNA.
How many HIV transmissions were reported in 2010?
As of 2010, 57 documented transmissions and 143 possible transmissions had been reported in the United States. Health care workers who are exposed to HIV-infected blood at work have a 0.3% risk of becoming infected. In other words, 3 of every 1,000 such injuries, if untreated, will result in infection.
How does reverse transcription work?
In order for the virus to infect the cell, a process called "reverse transcription" makes a DNA copy of the virus's RNA.After the binding process, the viral capsid (the inside of the virus which contains the RNA and important enzymes) is released into the host cell.
How does HIV replication work?
Replication: Once HIV binds to a cell, it hides HIV DNA inside the cell's DNA: this turns the cell into a sort of HIV factory. A retrovirus is composed of RNA not DNA. They have an enzyme called reverse transcriptase that gives them the unique property of transcribing their RNA into DNA after entering a cell.