Even if an individual has chronic hepatitis C, these drugs can usually cure the disease. A doctor may prescribe the following newer antiviral medications to treat hepatitis C: daclatasvir (Daklinza) elbasvir or grazoprevir (Zepatier) glecaprevir-pibrentasvir (Mavyret) ledipasvir-sofosbuvir (Harvoni) sofosbuvir (Sovaldi)
Full Answer
What is the standard treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection?
The standard treatment of HCV genotype 2 infection is with sofosbuvir/ribavirin (20), and that of HCV genotype 3 infection is with sofosbuvir/daclatasvir, for twelve weeks in both cases (21).
How long should patients with acute hepatitis C be treated?
Until further data are available, patients with acute hepatitis C should be treated for eight weeks, analogously to the recommendations for previously untreated (non-cirrhotic) patients with acute hepatitis C.
How do direct acting antiviral agents treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection?
The introduction of direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) for its treatment represents a major advance in terms of sustained virologic response (SVR) rates and adverse effect profiles. Mechanistically, DAAs inhibit specific HCV non-structural proteins (NS) that are vital for its replication.
What is the best treatment for hepatic cirrhosis?
For patients infected with HCV genotype 3 who have compensated hepatic cirrhosis, a further therapeutic option is the combination peginterferon/ribavirin/sofosbuvir for 12 weeks (with a sustained viral eradication rate of 91% in previously untreated patients, 86% in previously treated patients) (29).
What is ketoconazole used for?
What are the side effects of acyclovir?
Is B. a good treatment for herpes?
Is acyclovir approved for immunocompetent patients?
See more
About this website
Chemeketa Community College
We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.
PHARM FINAL Flashcards | Quizlet
Start studying PHARM FINAL. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Free Flashcards about CST STUDENT
Study free flashcards about CST STUDENT created by ajasso830 to improve your grades. Matching game, word search puzzle, and hangman also available.
Certified Surgical Technologist- Form A Flashcards - Cram.com
Study Flashcards On Certified Surgical Technologist- Form A at Cram.com. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want!
How many hours do you need to be a prescriber?
D. Prescribers must complete a certified 8 hour waiver course and an additional 16 hour course for all NPs and PAs. While there are several steps a prescriber must take to earn a waiver, they must complete the courses and have some form of psychiatric counseling training or access to resources for patient referral.
Is a specific consent form required for a patient?
C. Specific consent form is not required, but some providers or treatment programs may use this approach to optimize documentation and communication with patient, and to manage expectations.
How many people are infected with hepatitis C?
Globally, the chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It affects approximately 180 million people worldwide; about 3% of the world population.[1] Three to four million persons are newly infected each year, with the predominant prevalence being infection with genotype 1, followed by genotypes 2 and 3. The other genotypes, 4, 5, and 6, have specific geographical distribution. The infection with HCV occurs as the result of percutaneous transmission via infectious blood (blood-to-blood). Less than 20% of those acutely infected clear the virus; the rest (70-80%) become chronically infected for decades, a significant fraction of whom die of HCV-related illnesses. [2]
What is the direct acting antiviral therapy?
The direct acting antiviral therapy was started when the first-wave, first-generation HCV NS3-4A protease inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir were approved in combination with PegIFN-alpha and ribavirin for the treatment of chronic HCV genotype 1 infection in 2011.[7] However, these drugs have been reported to have several drug-drug interactions, and are largely replaced with newer DAA including Simeprevir, Paritaprevir, Daclatasvir, Ledipasvir, Ombitasvir, Sofosbuvir and Dasabuvir. Table 3summarizes the pharmacokinetics of all approved DAA with special reference to the sites of drug-drug interaction. Clinical pharmacology of the newer DAA will be discussed in the next section.
How many polyproteins are in the HCV genome?
The genome HCV encodes 10 polyproteins: three structural proteins at the N-terminus and seven nonstructural (NS) proteins at the C-terminus (Figure 1). The three nonstructural proteins (NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B) are important for HCV replication, and therefore, represent important targets for inhibition by DAA. [3]
What is the DAA for HCV?
In 2011, new medications named direct acting antivirals (DAA) were developed, which represents a major advancement in the treatment of HCV that achieved a virological response exceeding 90% in most genotypes. There is a very rapid progress in the development of DAAs that limits the ability to overwhelm the pharmacological details of each DAA. This review is a trial to give an overview of the pharmacology of most DAAs.
Is Simeprevir a combination drug?
Simeprevir was approved by the FDAto be used in combination with peginterferon alfa and ribavirin or in combination with sofosbuvir.
Is Daclatasvir approved for use with Sofosbuvir?
Daclatasvir was approved to beused with sofosbuvir.
Is Sofosbuvir approved with or without ribavirin?
A combination of sofosbuvir plus velpatasvir were approved with or without ribavirin for treating adult patients in all genotypes.
What is the treatment for hepatitis C?
Antiviral drugs for the treatment of hepatitis C (HCV)
How often should hepatic cirrhosis patients undergo hepatic ultrasonography?
Because of the residual risk of HCC even after successful viral eradication, patients with hepatic cirrhosis (regardless of the possible regression of fibrosis) should undergo lifelong surveillance with hepatic ultrasonography and alpha-fetoprotein measurement every six months, as recommended in the German guideline (5). Esophageal varices are very unlikely to arise once HCV has been eradicated, because viral eradication is associated with the regression of hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension (as reflected in the hepatovenous portal pressure gradient [HVPG]) (e15).
How long does it take to get rid of HCV?
It should be noted, however, that the combination of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir is available in Germany only in packages of 28 tablets, so that taking a single tablet per day for six weeks (i.e., 42 tablets total) is unreasonable in terms of drug economics. Until further data are available, patients with acute hepatitis C should be treated for eight weeks, analogously to the recommendations for previously untreated (non-cirrhotic) patients with acute hepatitis C. As the rate of HCV transmission to health care workers via needle stick injury is very low, no post-exposure prophylaxis is recommended in this situation (9).
What is the response rate of HCV genotype 1?
All yield sustained virological response rates > 95% and are well tolerated.
How long after treatment does HCV RNA disappear?
The molecular demonstration of the absence of HCV-RNA twelve weeks after the end of a course of antiviral treatment confirms the sustained eradication of the virus. The likelihood of a late recurrence is well under 1% (e8, e9), and most such events are actually not recurrences but reinfections (e10). The eradication of HCV does not generate protective immunity (e11).
How many genotypes are there in hepatitis C?
The genetic variability of the hepatitis C virus is high. There are at least six different genotypes (HCV-1, 2, 3, and others) with multiple subtypes (e.g., HCV-1a, 1b and more). The precise diagnosis can be established either by direct sequencing or by a reverse hybridization assay. Infection with HCV genotype 3 is associated with more rapid progression of fibrosis than infection with other HCV genotypes (e16). There are conflicting data on associations of specific HCV genotypes with the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (e17, e18).
What is the treatment for HCV?
The treatment of HCV has been revolutionized by the recent introduction of potent direct antiviral agents (DAA).
What is ketoconazole used for?
a. Ketoconazole is an imidazole that is used in dentistry.
What are the side effects of acyclovir?
a. The most common adverse effects associated with oral acyclovir are anorexia and a funny taste in the mouth.
Is B. a good treatment for herpes?
b. has been effective in the treatment of herpes labialis infections in nonimmunocompromised patients.
Is acyclovir approved for immunocompetent patients?
No acyclovir products are approved for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis in the immunocompetent patient.