How much would it cost to treat 300 plague patients?
The $288,600 that it would take for the tests and treatment of 300 Plague patients is a mere 0.036% of the money sitting idly in the expired grant accounts. Even though the medical estimate does not include cost of labor or equipment, it is easy to imagine the remaining $793,711,400 would more than cover those extra expenses for 300 individuals.
Did a California man just contract the Black Plague?
A California man was confirmed to have contracted the plague earlier this week, the fifth case of the infamous disease in the United States this year. The man, a South Lake Tahoe resident, was California’s first case of plague in five years, according to the El Dorado County health department.
How many cases of plague are there each year?
The U.S. averages seven human cases of plague each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2006, cases reached a high of 17. Whether there are more yearly cases than average can depend on what’s going on in rodents.
What is plaugeplague?
Plague is a disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which affects humans and other mammals. There are three types of plague: bubonic, septicemic and pneumonic. Bubonic is the most common form, accounting for more than 80% of cases in the U.S. Pneumonic plague is the most serious.
Can plagues be cured?
How is bubonic plague treated? The bubonic plague can be treated and cured with antibiotics. If you are diagnosed with bubonic plague, you'll be hospitalized and given antibiotics. In some cases, you may be put into an isolation unit.
Is there plague in California?
Today, plague is endemic (naturally occurring) in the rural western United States, including parts of California. Plague in humans is rare and can be treated effectively with antibiotics if diagnosed early.
What is the treatment given if you have contracted the plague?
How is plague treated? Plague can be successfully treated with antibiotics. Once a patient is diagnosed with suspected plague they should be hospitalized and, in the case of pneumonic plague, medically isolated.
Is there a vaccine for plagues?
Plague vaccines ** have been used since the late 19th century, but their effectiveness has never been measured precisely. Field experience indicates that vaccination with plague vaccine reduces the incidence and severity of disease resulting from the bite of infected fleas.
Is the plague in Los Angeles?
Human cases of plague are rare in Los Angeles County. Plague is commonly found in ground squirrels around Tehachapi, Lake Isabella, Frazier Park, and in the Angeles National Forest between Los Angeles and Antelope Valley.
Are there any treatments for the plague today?
Antibiotics such as streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin are used to treat plague. Oxygen, intravenous fluids, and respiratory support are usually also needed. People with pneumonic plague must be kept away from other patients and isolation procedures will be followed in the hospital.
What antibiotics treat the plague?
Begin appropriate IV therapy as soon as plague is suspected. Gentamicin and fluoroquinolones are typically first-line treatments in the United States. Duration of treatment is 10 to 14 days, or until 2 days after fever subsides. Oral therapy may be substituted once the patient improves.
How long does a plague last?
The plague resurfaced roughly every 10 years from 1348 to 1665—40 outbreaks in just over 300 years. And with each new plague epidemic, 20 percent of the men, women and children living in the British capital were killed. By the early 1500s, England imposed the first laws to separate and isolate the sick.
How do doctors diagnose the plague?
Diagnosis is made by taking samples from the patient, especially blood or part of a swollen lymph gland, and submitting them for laboratory testing. Once plague has been identified as a possible cause of the illness, appropriate treatment should begin immediately.
How long does plague vaccine last?
The initial course of plague vaccine consists of two 0.5 mL doses given 1–3 months apart in adults and adolescents and three doses (0.1–0.3 mL) for children under 12 years of age. Thereafter, boosters can be given every 6 months for 18 months, and every 1–2 years if the person continues to be at high exposure risk.
Is the plague vaccine FDA approved?
DynPort Vaccine Company LLC, a subsidiary of CSRA Inc., this week announced it has been granted Orphan Drug Designation for its recombinant rF1V plague vaccine from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Who invented medicine for plague?
Bacteriologist Waldemar Haffkine developed the first plague vaccine in 1897. He conducted a massive inoculation program in British India, and it is estimated that 26 million doses of Haffkine's anti-plague vaccine were sent out from Bombay between 1897 and 1925, reducing the plague mortality by 50%-85%.
What is the plague in California?
Plague in wild rodents in California is characterized by periodic epizootics, often evidenced by die-offs of susceptible rodent populations within geographical disease foci. Periods between local epizootics are characterized by low levels of infection among more resistant populations of rodents. The risk of a plague epizootic increases when susceptible rodent populations and associated flea densities reach a threshold above which contact between rodents and their fleas allows Y. pestis infections to rapidly spread.
What are the concerns of the California plague?
Public health concerns continue to be: (1) the potential secondary transmission of plague through respiratory secretions from an initial human or feline case of pneumonic plague, (2) the export of an incubating human case from California's plague-endemic recreational areas to a location where the disease may not be recognized , (3) the continuing potential for exposure among persons living in or traveling to plague endemic areas in California , (4) the potential transfer of the infection from a sylvatic source to commensal rat populations in heavily urbanized regions , and (5) the intentional and malicious use of plague bacilli as a biological weapon. Consequently, the surveillance, prevention, and control of plague remain an important public health endeavor in California.
How is the plague transmitted?
Plague is a zoonotic flea-borne rodent disease that is transmitted from infected to susceptible hosts through direct contact with infected animals, tissues, or infected fleas. The most frequent means of plague transmission to humans in California is through the bite of infected fleas (especially Oropsylla montana, a ground squirrel flea) from sylvatic rodents. Other means of transmission are via contact with infected animal tissues (from rodents, rabbits, or carnivores) and airborne droplets from infected humans or animals (especially cats) with plague pneumonia or pharyngitis. Humans are incidental hosts for Y. pestis and play no role in the natural maintenance of plague. However, humans with plague pneumonia can be a direct source of human-to-human transmission. The typical incubation time following exposure through direct contact or the bite of an infected flea is two to six days. For primary respiratory exposure, the incubation time is usually shorter (two to four days).
What is the threat of the plague?
modern risk from plague involves the threat of an intentional release of the plague bacteria into an urban area. A bioterrorism release of Y. pestis into a highly populated area could infect humans and commensal rodents alike, a phenomenon not seen naturally in California since the 1920s. An airborne release of plague bacteria may result in initial human pneumonic plague cases and may precipitate plague epizootics among rats and a secondary wave of human cases acquired from plague-infected commensal rodent fleas. Thus, health authorities must develop response plans that include not only detection and treatment of immediately affected human victims but also outline vector and rodent control measures to be taken following the release of plague bacteria during a bioterrorism event. Medical and public health response and management of plague in the event of its use as a biological weapon are summarized in a Consensus Statement of the Working Group on Civilian Biodefense (JAMA 2000; 283:2281-90).
When was the first plague in the US?
The first autochthonous human cases of plague in the United States were recorded in San Francisco in 1900 and plague appeared in Los Angeles in 1908. The disease was introduced into these and other West Coast seaports via infected domestic rats and humans arriving aboard ships from Asia. Outbreaks in rats and humans followed the introduction of plague in both San Francisco and Los Angeles. These outbreaks involved local domestic rats, rat fleas, and humans.
Is the plague a cycle?
In California, plague is maintained in a cycle of infection among moderately resistant and susceptible rodents and their fleas within specific geographic foci. Within each focus a cyclical disease pattern exists, alternating between periods of increased activity (epizootic plague), often evidenced by die-offs of susceptible rodents, and quiescent periods when the disease circulates at low levels among more resistant rodents (enzootic plague).
Is rodenticide a last resort?
The use of rodenticides, particularly in recreational areas, should be a control method of last resort. Rodenticides labeled for control of sylvatic rodent species are increasingly limited and the office of the local County Agricultural Commissioner should be consulted for available rodenticides and appropriate treatment methods. As with removal trapping, flea control should precede the use of rodenticides.
How much does a vampire facial cost?
The cost of a vampire facial is usually broken down into a microneedling fee of around $800 and a PRP therapy fee at around $500 which involves the extraction and application of your blood.
How much does microneedling cost?
One of the main expenses involved is the microneedling process, which generally accounts for around $800 . Next is the PRP therapy fee at around $500 which involves the extraction and application of your blood.
What is PRP therapy?
A similar procedure is often used among athletes, as PRP therapy is believed to enhance tissue repair and regeneration. From tennis elbow to joint fractures, dozens of athletes have already taken part in this unique form of therapy.
Is it normal to be scared of a vampire facial?
Vampire Facial Procedure. If you have not yet undergone a vampire facial, it's normal to feel apprehensive. However, once you actually experience this procedure firsthand, you'll see that it is fairly straightforward (and nothing to fear).
Is vampire facial scary?
Although a vampire facial may sound frightening, it has nothing to do with evil myth ological creatures. However, blood is involved -- hence the association. Used as a treatment option for burnt skin and the healing of wounds for nearly 20 years, it has now become a popular beauty procedure.
When was the plague first introduced?
The plague was first introduced to the U.S. in 1900, from steamships carrying infected rats. The last urban outbreak of rat-associated plague in the U.S. was in Los Angeles between 1924 and 1925.
Which countries have the most plagues?
The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Madagascar and Peru were the most affected countries. Reports of the plague can be scary — but experts say there's little cause for concern in most cases.
How is the plague transmitted?
The plague is transmitted through fleas that live on rodents, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). People typically get bubonic or septicemic plague after they are bitten by a flea that is carrying the bacterium.
What are the three types of plague?
There are three types of plague: bubonic, septicemic and pneumonic. Bubonic is the most common form, accounting for more than 80% of cases in the U.S. Pneumonic plague is the most serious. Many animals can get the plague, including rock squirrels, wood rats, ground squirrels, prairie dogs, chipmunks, mice, voles, and rabbits.
What are the symptoms of the septicemic plague?
Other symptoms include fever, weakness, coughing and chills. Patients with septicemic plague develop fever, chills, extreme weakness, adnominal pain, shock and possibly internal bleeding. Skin and other tissues, especially on fingers, toes, and the nose may turn black and die.
How long does it take for a bubonic plague to die?
The bubonic type has a case-fatality ratio of 30% to 60%, according to the WHO . Pneumonic plague, when left untreated, is always fatal within 18 to 24 hours. "The key for clinicians is suspecting plague in the first place, obtaining the right specimens to make a diagnosis, and initiating treatment even before the diagnosis is made — ...
How many people died from the bubonic plague in 2015?
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a total of 3,248 cases were reported worldwide between 2010 and 2015, resulting in 584 deaths.
Where was the first plague in California?
The man, a South Lake Tahoe resident, was California’s first case of plague in five years, according to the El Dorado County health department. In July, Colorado also saw its first case in five years when a southwestern region resident, who has since recovered, was infected, according to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment.
Where does the plague occur?
The majority of cases occur in the Four Corners area, where Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah meet , though plague is detected in rodents across the West.
What is the most serious form of pneumonic plague?
It is the most serious form of the disease, the CDC says.
What caused the 2006 plague?
In 2006, cases reached a high of 17. Whether there are more yearly cases than average can depend on what’s going on in rodents. Plague is caused by bacteria called Yersinia pestis, which are carried by fleas that live on rodents including prairie dogs and squirrels.
What are the symptoms of the plague?
Many symptoms of plague, she noted, such as fever, chills and headache, can be confused with other illnesses. However, each year, epidemiologists create maps to track reports of the plague in rodents in the western U.S. If a person has spent time outdoors in these areas and has these symptoms, doctors may be more inclined to consider plague.
Where was the Septicemic Plague?
Though there is limited information surrounding the death of the man in Rio Arriba County on the New Mexico-Colorado border , the New Mexico Department of Health reported the case as septicemic plague, rather than the much more common bubonic plague.
Is the Bubonic Plague the same as the Black Death?
California confirms first human case of the plague in 5 years: What to know. “Bubonic plague in the U.S. is not the same scenario as the historical Black Death," one expert said. An illustration based on a light microscope image shows the Yersinia pestis bacteria that causes bubonic plague. BSIP / Universal Images Group via Getty.
How much does it cost to treat heartworms in dogs?
Unfortunately, this deadly disease does not come cheap. The cost of heartworm treatments may range from $500 to $3,500.
What is the disease of the Southern United States?
Heartworm disease was once known as the disease of the Southern United States. However, this serious disease has spread all over USA. Heartworm disease is caused by a parasitic worm called Dirofilaria Immitis. This disease may result to severe lung disease, heart failure, organ damages and even death in pets.
