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Phenytoin is highly effective for seizures and is one of the most commonly used seizure medicines in North America. It is best used for partial-onset seizures, which begin in one area of the brain. Its effectiveness in controlling seizures has been extensively studied in careful scientific trials in great numbers of patients.
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Phenytoin is best used for partial-onset seizures. It generally is not effective against generalized-onset absence seizures or infantile spasms. Phenytoin has limited value in clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures and in the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. It may control the tonic-clonic component of the syndrome.
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Jul 25, 2021 · Phenytoin is a medication used in the management and treatment of epilepsy, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, complex partial seizures, and status epilepticus. It is in the anticonvulsants class of drugs. This activity describes the indications, action, and contraindications for phenytoin as a valuable agent in the treatment of epilepsy.
What is phenytoin used to treat?
Jul 10, 2020 · Phenytoin is a medication used in the management and treatment of epilepsy, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, complex partial seizures, and status epilepticus. It is in the anticonvulsants class of drugs. This activity describes the indications, action, and contraindications for phenytoin as a valuable agent in the treatment of epilepsy.
How effective is phenytoin for seizures?
Oct 05, 2021 · Phenytoin, the traditional drug of choice in the management of epilepsy, also helps suppress generalized tonic-clonic and partial-onset seizures [ 40 ]. In addition, this AED can serve as seizure prophylaxis after traumatic brain injury [ 41 ].
What is the generic name for phenytoin?
Serum-phenytoin concentrations were monitored to achieve an optimum range of 10-20 mug/ml if necessary. With a mean duration of follow-up of 14-7 … One drug (phenytoin) in the treatment of epilepsy Lancet. 1976 May 1;1(7966):923-6. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)92709-4. Authors E H …
What is the efficacy of levetiracetam and phenytoin in the treatment of epilepsy?
Apr 06, 2022 · PHT is one of the most commonly used first-line or adjunctive treatments for partial and generalized seizures, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, status epilepticus, and childhood epileptic syndromes. It is...
What is phenytoin generic?
Basic Advanced. Phenytoin is the generic name of a widely used antiepileptic drug (AED). In the United States, phenytoin is known by the brand names Dilantin and Phenytek (an extended-release form). In the UK, the brand name is Epanutin. Sometimes the savings from using generic medications instead of brand-name products are large, ...
How long does phenytoin stay in your system?
Most phenytoin is excreted in the urine in the form of inactive metabolites. The half-life is about 22 hours, with a range of 7 to 42 hours. The half-life is shorter in children and longer in the elderly. Because phenytoin is metabolized in the liver, people with liver disease should be treated with caution.
How long does it take for phenytoin to reach peak?
The most common form of phenytoin is 100-mg capsules. This form has a slow and extended rate: peak plasma levels are reached in 4 to 12 hours for brand-name Dilantin. If the capsules are taken with food, peak levels will be reached over a period of 24 hours, but the availability is not affected.
How much phenytoin should I take a day?
In young adults, phenytoin should be started at 4–5 mg/kg per day (200–300 mg/d, in one or two doses) and titrated by increments of 30 mg to 100 mg per day, with at least 7–10 days between changes. Elderly patients generally require a lower initial dose (3 mg/kg per day) and especially cautious titration.
Is phenytoin an antiepileptic?
Many studies have compared phenytoin with other antiepileptic medications for the treatment of newly diagnosed epilepsy. For instance, one study of 622 adults compared phenytoin with carbamazepine, primidone, and phenobarbital. All four medications were about equally effective in controlling tonic-clonic seizures.
Is phenytoin good for seizures?
Phenytoin is best used for partial-onset seizures. It generally is not effective against generalized-onset absence seizures or infantile spasms . Phenytoin has limited value in clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures and in the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. It may control the tonic-clonic component of the syndrome.
How many milliliters is phenytek?
It is given in doses of 5 milliliters (mL), which is about equal to a teaspoon. 200 mg This capsule has a dark blue cap and blue body, imprinted with "Bertek" (the name of the company that makes Phenytek) and "670". 300 mg Both halves of this capsule are the same shade of blue.
What is phenytoin used for?
Since 1938, phenytoin (PHT) has been a major first-line AED in the treatment of partial and secondary generalized seizures in the United States . It blocks movements of ions through sodium channels during propagation of the action potential and thus blocks and prevents posttetanic potentiation, limits development of maximal seizure activity, and reduces the spread of seizures. It also has an inhibiting effect on calcium channels and the sequestration of calcium ions in nerve terminals, thereby inhibiting voltage-dependent neurotransmission at the level of the synapse.
What drugs are affected by PHT?
Other drugs whose levels are reduced by PHT and require monitoring and adjustment include furosemide, cyclosporin, folate, and praziquantel. levels of chloramphenicol and quinidine are elevated by PHT. Because of PHT’s poor adverse-effect profile, epileptologists generally try to avoid prescribing it.
Which drugs increase PHT levels?
Other drugs that significantly increase PHT levels are isoniazid, cimetidine, chloramphenicol, dicumarol, and sulfonamides. Drugs that lower PHT levels are vigabatrin (VGB) and amiodarone. PHT itself is a strong inducer of hepatic enzymes and alters levels of other drugs. It decreases levels of CBZ, ethosuximide, felbamate, primidone, ...
Where is PHT absorbed?
It is not absorbed in the stomach because of the low pH of the gastric juices but is absorbed rather slowly in the small intestines, the juices of which have a higher pH. Food and diseases of the small intestines alter PHT absorption.
Is PHT a CNS depressant?
CNS effects occur particularly in the cerebellum and the vestibular system, causing ataxia and nystagmus. PHT is not a generalized CNS depressant; however, some degree of drowsiness and lethargy is present, without progressing to hypnosis.
Does PHT affect calmodulin?
In addition, PHT has an antiepileptic effect on calmodulin and other secondary messenger systems, the mechanisms of which are unclear. The adverse-effect profile (eg, gingival hyperplasia and coarsening of the facial features in women) makes its use less desirable than CBZ in some patients.
Is PHT a first line treatment?
PHT is one of the most commonly used first-line or adjunctive treatments for partial and generalized seizures, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, status epilepticus, and childhood epileptic syndromes. It is not indicated for myoclonus and absence seizures. This drug is highly effective and economical for the patient; however, ...
How many ratings does phenytoin have?
Phenytoin has an average rating of 7.8 out of 10 from a total of 33 ratings for the treatment of Epilepsy. 70% of users who reviewed this medication reported a positive effect, while 15% reported a negative effect.
Does dilantin help with epilepsy?
Dilantin (phenytoin): “Dilantin worked for my epilepsy and the side affects are not bad, they go away and if you have a high metab you will have high Dilantin levels even when you take it the right way, you just need to find your dose”. 10 / 10.
Is dilantin a secondary disability?
Dilantin (phenytoin): “Took Dilantin for several years, since the 1980's. Now it's apparent I have a secondary disability of Osteoporosis after seeing a endocrinologist and having a bone density test done.