How do I select the preferential treatment policy?
Select the preferential treatment policy that is likely to raise the least serious ethical challenge: Identify the arguments that have NOT been used to support or refute the ethical legitimacy or preferential hiring policies:
What is preferential treatment in employment?
Preferential treatment refers to policies that go beyond affirmative action by seemingly changing the job standards in effort to hire more women and people of color. Arguments for: classical model Arguments against: Utilitarianism How is Sexual Harassment deined by the EEOC?
What is an example of a quota system?
Some countries use a quota system, whereby a certain percentage of government jobs, political positions, and school vacancies must be reserved for members of a certain group; an example of this is the reservation system in India .
What are some examples of affirmative action policies?
The nature of affirmative action policies varies from region to region. Some countries use a quota system, whereby a certain percentage of government jobs, political positions, and school vacancies must be reserved for members of a certain group; an example of this is the reservation system in India.
What is affirmative action quizlet?
Definition of Affirmative Action: -Steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded.
What is the goal of affirmative action quizlet?
What is the goal for affirmative action? to alleviate any unequal treatment that moves beyond passive nondiscrimination.
What are the two characteristics of affirmative action programs quizlet?
Affirmative action programs involve efforts to avoid recruiting, hiring, training, and promoting qualified individuals from groups that have traditionally been discriminated against on the basis of race, gender, or other characteristics. D.
Which one of the following occurred after the Brown decision?
Which one of the following occurred after the Brown decision? All these answers are correct. equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. it became apparent that disadvantaged Americans would not attain equal employment opportunities through lawsuits that benefited single individuals only.
What is de facto segregation?
Primary tabs. During racial integration efforts in schools during the 1960's, “de facto segregation” was a term used to describe a situation in which legislation did not overtly segregate students by race, but nevertheless school segregation continued. ACADEMIC TOPICS. legal history. CIVICS.
What is reverse discrimination quizlet?
reverse discrimination. a description of affirmative action by opponents of that policy; hold that giving preference to females and/or nonwhites discriminates against the majority group.
What is a quota quizlet?
What is a quota? A quota limits the total quantity of a good that can be imported over a period of time.
What is affirmative action program?
Affirmative Action policies and programs are tools whereby additional efforts are made to recruit, hire and promote qualified women, minorities and individuals with disabilities.
What is affirmative action and why is it controversial quizlet?
because of the creation of quota systems based on race. These quota systems are incompatible with the fourteenth amendment and are not allowed. It is also controversial because it allows for reverse discrimination that could discriminate against a white person applying for the same position as a black person.
What did the Brown decision reversed?
The decision of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka on May 17, 1954 is perhaps the most famous of all Supreme Court cases, as it started the process ending segregation. It overturned the equally far-reaching decision of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896.
Which of the following was a direct result of the decision in Brown v. Board of Education?
Which of the following was a direct result of the decision in Brown v. Board of Education? The process of desegregation began in all public schools throughout the country.
What was the Brown vs Board of Education quizlet?
The ruling of the case "Brown vs the Board of Education" is, that racial segregation is unconstitutional in public schools. This also proves that it violated the 14th amendment to the constitution, which prohibits the states from denying equal rights to any person.
What is the purpose of quotas in Swedish?
The purpose of the quotas is to guarantee that a sufficient number of professionals with skills in Swedish are educated for nationwide needs. The quota system has met with criticism from the Finnish speaking majority, some of whom consider the system unfair. In addition to these linguistic quotas, women may get preferential treatment in recruitment for certain public sector jobs if there is a gender imbalance in the field.
What was the African National Congress's policy of affirmative action?
Following the transition to democracy in 1994, the African National Congress -led government chose to implement affirmative action legislation to correct previous imbalances (a policy known as employment equity). As such, all employers were compelled by law to employ previously disenfranchised groups (blacks, Indians, and Coloureds ). A related, but distinct concept is Black Economic Empowerment.
What is mismatching in affirmative action?
Mismatching is the term given to the supposed negative effect that affirmative action has when it places a student into a college that is too difficult for them. For example, in the absence of affirmative action, a student will be admitted to a college that matches his or her academic ability and has a good chance of graduating. However, according to the mismatching hypothesis, affirmative action often places a student into a college that is too difficult, and this increases the student's chance of dropping out of the college or of their desired major. Thus, affirmative action hurts its intended beneficiaries, because it increases their dropout rates. Mismatching has also been cited as a contributing factor in lowered pursuit and completion of STEM degrees among certain populations.
What is the Malaysian New Economic Policy?
The Malaysian New Economic Policy or NEP is a form of ethnicity-based affirmative action. Malaysia provides affirmative action to those that are deemed "Bumiputera", which includes the Malay population, Orang Asli, and the indigenous people of Sabah and Sarawak, who together form a majority of the population.
What did affirmative action do to South Africa?
Affirmative action created marginalization for coloured and Indian races in South Africa, as well as developing and aiding the middle and elite classes, leaving the lower class behind. This created a bigger gap between the lower and middle class, which led to class struggles and a greater segregation.
Why do states have to take affirmative action?
The United Nations Human Rights Committee states that "the principle of equality sometimes requires States parties to take affirmative action in order to diminish or eliminate conditions which cause or help to perpetuate discrimination prohibited by the Covenant.
Why is affirmative action important?
Historically and internationally, support for affirmative action has sought to achieve goals such as bridging inequalities in employment and pay, increasing access to education, promoting diversity, and redressing apparent past wrongs, harms, or hindrances.
Is it true that young white men are being unfairly harmed by being denied equal access?
One response made to young white males who claim that they did not cause the harm done by part discrimination and, therefore, are being unfairly harmed by being denied equal access is that they are simply being denied something they did not deserve i.e., an unfair competitive advantage. True.
Is there a strong political consensus in favor of local environmental, labor, and consumer regulation?
True. There is no strong worldwide political consensus in favor of local environmental, labor, and consumer regulation, so there is no opposition to free trade agreement and the WTO that will be major engines for deregulation. False. Defenders of the "Golden Straitjacket" policies argue that poor nations are free to reject such policies as, ...
Origins
- The term "affirmative action" was first used in the United States in "Executive Order No. 10925", signed by President John F. Kennedy on 6 March 1961, which included a provision that government contractors "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated [fairly] during employment, without regard to their r...
Women
- Several different studies investigated the effect of affirmative action on women. Kurtulus (2012) in her review of affirmative action and the occupational advancement of minorities and women during 1973–2003 showed that the effect of affirmative action on advancing black, Hispanic, and white women into management, professional, and technical occupations occurred primarily duri…
Quotas
- Law regarding quotas and affirmative action varies widely from nation to nation. Caste-based and other group-based quotas are used in the reservation system. In 2012, the European UnionCommission approved a plan for women to constitute 40% of non-executive board directorships in large listed companies in Europe by 2020. In Sweden, the Supreme Court has rul…
National Approaches
- In some countries that have laws on racial equality, affirmative action is rendered illegal because it does not treat all races equally. This approach of equal treatment is sometimes described as being "color blind", in hopes that it is effective against discrimination without engaging in reverse discrimination. In such countries, the focus tends to be on ensuring equal opportunity and, for ex…
International Organizations
- United Nations
The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discriminationstipulates (in Article 2.2) that affirmative action programs may be required of countries that ratified the convention, in order to rectify systematic discrimination. It states, however, that such programs "…
Support
- The principle of affirmative action is to promote societal equality through the preferential treatment of socioeconomically disadvantaged people. Often, these people are disadvantaged for historical reasons, such as oppression or slavery.Historically and internationally, support for affirmative action has sought to achieve a range of goals: bridging inequalities in employment a…
Criticism
- Critics of affirmative action offer a variety of arguments as to why it is counterproductive or should be discontinued. For example, critics may argue that affirmative action hinders reconciliation, replaces old wrongs with new wrongs, undermines the achievements of minorities, and encourages individuals to identify themselves as disadvantaged, even if they are not. It may …
Further Reading
- Anderson, Elizabeth S. (2002). "Integration, affirmative action, and strict scrutiny". NYU Law Review. 77: 1195–271. Pdf.
- Anderson, Kristin J. (2010). "'Affirmative Action is reverse racism': The myth of merit". Benign Bigotry: The Psychology of Subtle Prejudice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 278–334....
- Anderson, Elizabeth S. (2002). "Integration, affirmative action, and strict scrutiny". NYU Law Review. 77: 1195–271. Pdf.
- Anderson, Kristin J. (2010). "'Affirmative Action is reverse racism': The myth of merit". Benign Bigotry: The Psychology of Subtle Prejudice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 278–334....
- Anderson, Terry H. (2004). The pursuit of fairness: a history of affirmative action. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195157642.
- Boxill, Bernard; Boxill, Jan (2005), "Affirmative action", in Frey, R.G.; Heath Wellman, Christopher (eds.), A companion to applied ethics, Blackwell Companions to Philosophy, Oxford, UK Malden, Ma...
External Links
- Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). "Affirmative Action". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- "Affirmative action collected news and commentary". The New York Times.
- Affirmative Action collected news and commentary at The Washington Post
- Does the success of Barack Obama mean we no longer need affirmative action?NOW on PBS investigates