What is the name of the drug used to treat malaria?
Medications. The most common antimalarial drugs include: Chloroquine phosphate. Chloroquine is the preferred treatment for any parasite that is sensitive to the drug.
Is quinine an alkaloid?
Quinine is an alkaloid derived from the bark of the Cinchona tree (Fig. 7.1). For many years, it was the only effective drug for the treatment of malaria.
Which is the best treatment for malaria?
The preferred antimalarial for interim oral treatment is artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem™) because of its fast onset of action. Other oral options include atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone™), quinine, and mefloquine.
Is artemisinin an alkaloid?
Artemisinin is the sesquiterpene alkaloid present in the aerial parts of the Asian plant of Artemisia annua L [21]. Artemisia annua herb commonly called “sweet wormwood” belongs to the Asteraceae family [22].
What is the use of cinchona?
Cinchona is used for increasing appetite; promoting the release of digestive juices; and treating bloating, fullness, and other stomach problems. It is also used for blood vessel disorders including hemorrhoids, varicose veins, and leg cramps.
Is quinine used to treat malaria?
Quinine is used to treat malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium falciparum is a parasite that gets into the red blood cells in the body and causes malaria. Quinine works by killing the parasite or preventing it from growing.
What is the new treatment for malaria?
The new drug, Krintafel (tafenoquine), prevents relapse of malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax), one of several parasites that causes the disease. Currently, patients with P. vivax require a 10-day treatment and many don't complete the regimen, leading to malaria recurrence.
What is the first line treatment of malaria?
Severe malaria should be treated with intravenous (IV) antimalarial medications. IV artesunate is the first-line drug for treatment of severe malaria in the United States. Artesunate for InjectionTM is approved by the FDA and is commercially available in the United States.
What vaccine is used for malaria?
Malaria Vaccines: The Way Forward The RTS,S/AS01 vaccine and the PfSPZ vaccine products are two of the most promising malaria vaccine candidates to date. Another pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidate, R21, recently showed good efficacy in an early trial testing it among children 5 – 17 months of age in Burkina Faso.
What is another name for Artemisia?
Artemisia (/ˌɑːrtɪˈmiːziə/) is a large, diverse genus of plants with between 200 and 400 species belonging to the daisy family Asteraceae. Common names for various species in the genus include mugwort, wormwood, and sagebrush.
Does artemisinin cure malaria?
Even 7-day regimens of artemisinin monotherapy only cure 80–90% of uncomplicated falciparum malaria [20,38,39].
Is an alkaloid used to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria?
Alkaloids extracted from various species of Cinchona. An alkaloid used to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Medications
- It is practical to consider antimalarials by chemical structure since this is associated with important properties of each drug, such as mechanism of action.[citation needed]
Resistance
- Anti-malarial drug resistance has been defined as: "the ability of a parasite to survive and/or multiply despite the administration and absorption of a drug given in doses equal to or higher than those usually recommended but within tolerance of the subject. The drug in question must gain access to the parasite or the infected red blood cell for the duration of the time necessary for it…
Combination Therapy
- The problem of the development of malaria resistance must be weighed against the essential goal of anti-malarial care; that is to reduce morbidity and mortality. Thus a balance must be reached that attempts to achieve both goals while not compromising either too much by doing so. The most successful attempts so far have been in the administration of combination therapy. T…
by Type of Malaria
- Antimalarial drugs and combinations may also be sorted according to the type of malaria in which they are used.
See Also
- Diospyros melanoxylon, tree with possible antiplasmodialproperties
- Malaria prophylaxis
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV)– a not-for-profit organization which is managing the largest–ever portfolio of over 50 antimalarial projects in collaboration with over 100 pharmaceutical, acade...
- Diospyros melanoxylon, tree with possible antiplasmodialproperties
- Malaria prophylaxis
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV)– a not-for-profit organization which is managing the largest–ever portfolio of over 50 antimalarial projects in collaboration with over 100 pharmaceutical, acade...
- Amazon Malaria Initiative– a regional USAID project in 11 countries in the Latin America and the Caribbean region.
Further Reading
- World Health Organization (2015). Guidelines for the treatment of malaria (Third ed.). World Health Organization (WHO). hdl:10665/162441. ISBN 978-92-4-154912-7.
- World Health Organization (2012). Management of severe malaria: a practical handbook (Third ed.). World Health Organization (WHO). hdl:10665/79317. ISBN 978-92-4-154852-6.
External Links
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) [MMV] " MMV Science "– for information on the largest–ever portfolio of over 50 antimalarial projects, working in collaboration with over 100 pharmaceutical, aca...
- The Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN)is a global collaboration generating quality-assured, timely information to track the emergence and spread of antimalarial resista…
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) [MMV] " MMV Science "– for information on the largest–ever portfolio of over 50 antimalarial projects, working in collaboration with over 100 pharmaceutical, aca...
- The Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN)is a global collaboration generating quality-assured, timely information to track the emergence and spread of antimalarial resistance — critical...
- 2007 guidelines are available from the UK Health Protection Agencywebsite as a PDF file and includes detailed country-specific information for UK travelers.
- The World Health Organizationprovides country-specific advice on malaria prevention. HPA and WHO advice are broadly in line with each other (although there are some differences).