Metronidazole is effective for the management of anaerobic infections, such as intra-abdominal infections, gynecologic infections, septicemia, endocarditis, bone and joint infections, central nervous system infections, respiratory tract infections, skin and skin-structure infections, and oral and dental infections.
What is Flagyl used for in gastroenterology?
Flagyl (metronidazole) is an anti-infective agent used in the treatment of anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. The most common uses of Flagyl in the patient undergoing gastroenterology evaluation and interventions are generally for anaerobic invasion of the gastrointestinal tract causing conditions such as giardiasis.
Is metronidazole effective in the treatment of chronic pouchitis Mimura 2002?
Data from a noncomparative cohort study suggest that metronidazole, in combination with ciprofloxacin, may be beneficial for the treatment of patients with chronic pouchitis Mimura 2002. Surgical prophylaxis, colorectal surgery (oral metronidazole)yes
What is the pH of reconstituted metronidazole?
The reconstituted solution contains approximately 100 mg of metronidazole/mL and has a pH of 0.5–2. The reconstituted metronidazole hydrochloride solution must be further diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% dextrose injection, or lactated Ringer’s injection to a concentration of ≤8 mg/mL.
What are the contraindications for Flagyl?
• Flushing, rash, urticaria • Peripheral neuropathy (rare) and seizures • Dark urine (common but harmless) Contraindications with Flagyl
For what purposes are antituberculosis agents administered?
Antituberculosis or antimycobacterial agents represent a diverse group of compounds, which are used either alone or in combination to treat Mycobacterium infections, including tuberculosis and leprosy. These drugs include rifampin, isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, and kanamycin.
Which of the following semisynthetic penicillins are useful in treating infections caused by penicillinase producing bacteria?
Semi-synthetic penicillins have greater resistance to penicillinases or an extended spectrum of activity. Penicillinase-resistant penicillins include meticillin, nafcillin and oxacillin. These are primarily used in the treatment of infection caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci.
Which was the first antimicrobial agent discovered to treat syphilis?
In 1909, he discovered that a chemical called arsphenamine was an effective treatment for syphilis. This became the first modern antibiotic, although Ehrlich himself referred to his discovery as 'chemotherapy' – the use of a chemical to treat a disease.
What is the antidote or treatment for flagyl toxicity in animals?
Treatment for metronidazole toxicosis includes immediate discontinuation of the drug, symptomatic and supportive care, and diazepam therapy. In dogs, the use of oral diazepam (at approximately 0.43 mg/kg orally every 8 hours for three days) can be used for therapy.
What drug is best for cellulitis?
Normal skin can develop cellulitis, but it usually occurs when bacteria enters an open wound. The best antibiotic to treat cellulitis include dicloxacillin, cephalexin, trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, or doxycycline antibiotics.
What antibiotic works for cellulitis?
In mild cases of cellulitis treated on an outpatient basis, dicloxacillin, amoxicillin, and cephalexin are all reasonable choices. Clindamycin or a macrolide (clarithromycin or azithromycin) are reasonable alternatives in patients who are allergic to penicillin.
Which is the first antibiotic discovered in the world?
penicillinBut it was not until 1928 that penicillin, the first true antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming, Professor of Bacteriology at St. Mary's Hospital in London.
Are there different antibiotics for different infections?
There are various antibiotics available and they come in various different brand names. Antibiotics are usually grouped together based on how they work. Each type of antibiotic only works against certain types of bacteria or parasites. This is why different antibiotics are used to treat different types of infection.
What is the oldest antimicrobial agent?
The first antimicrobial agent in the world was salvarsan, a remedy for syphilis that was synthe- sized by Ehrlich in 1910. In 1935, sulfonamides were developed by Domagk and other researchers. These drugs were synthetic compounds and had limitations in terms of safety and efficacy.
What is metronidazole used for treating?
Metronidazole capsules and tablets are used to treat infections of the reproductive system, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, skin, heart, bone, joint, lung, blood, nervous system, and other areas of the body. Metronidazole capsules and tablets are also used to treat sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
What is Flagyl used to treat?
Flagyl , known as metronidazole or by the brand name Protostat, is an antibacterial drug that is classified as a broad-spectrum antibiotic. 1 Metronidazole is used to treat certain bacterial infections or protozoal infections (a type of parasite).
Does metronidazole treat respiratory infections?
Metronidazole is effective for the management of anaerobic infections, such as intra-abdominal infections, gynecologic infections, septicemia, endocarditis, bone and joint infections, central nervous system infections, respiratory tract infections, skin and skin-structure infections, and oral and dental infections.
Does metronidazole cause cleft palate?
Metronidazole crosses the placenta. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate has been reported following first trimester exposure to metronidazole; however, most studies have not shown an increased risk of congenital anomalies or other adverse events to the fetus following maternal use during pregnancy. Because metronidazole was carcinogenic in some animal species, concern has been raised whether metronidazole should be used during pregnancy. Available studies have not shown an increased risk of infant cancer following metronidazole exposure during pregnancy; however, the ability to detect a signal for this may have been limited.
Is metronidazole safe for rats?
Metronidazole has been shown to be carcinogenic in mice and rats. Un necessary use of the drug should be avoided. Its use should be reserved for the conditions for which this drug is indicated.
Uses For Metronidazole
Metronidazole (Systemic) Dosage and Administration
- Administration
Administer orally or by continuous or intermittent IV infusion. Do not administer by rapid IV injection because of the low pH of the reconstituted product. In the treatment of serious anaerobic infections, parenteral route usually is used initially and oral metronidazole substitute… - Dosage
Available as metronidazole and metronidazole hydrochloride; dosage expressed in terms of metronidazole.
Cautions For Metronidazole
- Contraindications
1. Hypersensitivity to metronidazole or other nitroimidazole derivatives. Cautious desensitization has been used in some situations when use of metronidazole was considered necessary. (See Hypersensitivity Reactions and Desensitization under Cautions.) 2. First trimester of pregnancy. … - Common Adverse Effects
Nausea, headache, anorexia, dry mouth, unpleasant metallic taste.
Stability
- Compatibility
For information on systemic interactions resulting from concomitant use, see Interactions.
Actions and Spectrum
- Bactericidal, amebicidal, and trichomonacidal in action.
- Un-ionized at physiologic pH and readily taken up by anaerobic organisms or cells. In susceptible organisms or cells, metronidazole is reduced by low-redox-potential electron transport proteins (e....
- Has direct anti-inflammatory effects and effects on neutrophil motility, lymphocyte transform…
- Bactericidal, amebicidal, and trichomonacidal in action.
- Un-ionized at physiologic pH and readily taken up by anaerobic organisms or cells. In susceptible organisms or cells, metronidazole is reduced by low-redox-potential electron transport proteins (e....
- Has direct anti-inflammatory effects and effects on neutrophil motility, lymphocyte transformation, and some aspects of cell-mediated immunity.
- Spectrum of activity includes most obligately anaerobic bacteria and many protozoa. Inactive against fungi and viruses and most aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria.
Advice to Patients
- Advise patients that antibacterials (including metronidazole) should only be used to treat bacterial infections and not used to treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold).
- Importance of completing full course of therapy, even if feeling better after a few days.
- Advise patients that skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may decrease effectiveness and increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be …
- Advise patients that antibacterials (including metronidazole) should only be used to treat bacterial infections and not used to treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold).
- Importance of completing full course of therapy, even if feeling better after a few days.
- Advise patients that skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may decrease effectiveness and increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatab...
- Metronidazole extended-release tablets should be taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals; optimum absorption occurs under fasting conditions.
Preparations
- Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details. Please refer to the ASHP Drug Shortages Resource Centerfor information on shortages of one or more of these preparations. * available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonpropriet…
Frequently Asked Questions