What are the standard precautions for the treatment of infectious diseases?
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What can be done to prevent the spread of infectious diseases?
a defined and short time period) per number in a healthy. population at risk at the start of the observation period. Attack rate. Measures the occurrence of new disease; the frequency of. new cases of disease that develop in a candidate population over a specified time period. Incidence.
What stage of clinical disease does item B occur?
evaluate, track and treat chronic diseases. This requires a strong IT team-Chronic diseases are on the rise worldwide. They are expensive and difficult to manage without tools-Chronic disease management should be helped by measures in the HITECH Act and Affordable Care Act. We should be concerned about both public and population health
How many breaths per minute is normal?
The normal range of resting respirations in an adult is. 12-20 breaths per minute. hives,itching,tightness of the chest and respiratory distress may be signs and symptoms of. Anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction) pain at the venous needle site, along with respiratory difficulty and chest pain could be an indicator of.
What is biohazardous waste?
Biohazardous waste includes any material exposed to. blood. A patient's laboratory results indicate that the predialysis BUN level was lower than the post dialysis BUN level. When interpreting these findings the technician should seek the answer to which of these questions.
How much weight loss is considered clinically significant?
Clinically significant weight loss is usually considered to be about 4-5% of total body weight w/in 6-12 months.
When should chest circumference be measured?
Between 6 and 24 months the head and chest circumference should be about equal and by 2 years of age the chest should be larger than the head. The chest circumference is measured at the nipple line. The chest circumference of a 12 month old is: A. Routinely measured on well-child visits.
How much alcohol should an elderly person drink?
A good rule of thumb for alcohol consumption in older adults is no more than 1-2 drinks/day after age 65. If the patient is cognitively impaired, abstinence is recommended. The type of alcohol is not of great importance. Beer, wine, and hard liquor all contain alcohol, which has the potential to impair older adults.
Why should alcohol be avoided?
The reason alcohol should be limited or avoided is b/c of decreased lean body mass and decreased total body water in aging bodies.
How much weight do babies lose in the first 3 days?
Babies will lose about 10% of their birth weight in the first 3-4 days of life. This baby has lost about 8 ounces; this is about 10% of his birth weight. This is an appropriate weight loss in this time. He should rapidly gain this weight back.
What is the purpose of PCV13?
The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), Prevnar, protects children from 13 types of pneumococcal bacteria. It has reduced the incidence of ear infections caused by S. pneumonia and has reduced the incidence of recurrent ear infections and tube placement by 10-20%.
How long does it take for a baby's head to grow?
The exception is in a premature infant where the head grows very rapidly. Normally, the head exceeds the chest circumference by 1-2 cm from birth until 6 months. Between 6 and 24 months the head and chest circumference should be about equal and by 2 years of age the chest should be larger than the head.
What are standard precautions?
Standard Precautions are the minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all patient care, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient, in any setting where health care is delivered . These practices are designed to both protect DHCP and prevent DHCP from spreading infections among patients.
What surfaces should be cleaned and disinfected?
Emphasis for cleaning and disinfection should be placed on surfaces that are most likely to become contaminated with pathogens, including clinical contact surfaces (e.g., frequently touched surfaces such as light handles, bracket trays, switches on dental units, computer equipment) in the patient-care area.
Why are education and training important to DHCP?
Education and training are critical elements of Standard Precautions, because they help DHCP make appropriate decisions and comply with recommended practices. When Standard Precautions alone cannot prevent transmission, they are supplemented with Transmission-Based Precautions.
Why is hand hygiene important?
Hand hygiene is the most important measure to prevent the spread of infections among patients and DHCP. Education and training programs should thoroughly address indications and techniques for hand hygiene practices before performing routine and oral surgical procedures.
What are some examples of dental procedures?
Examples include biopsy, periodontal surgery, apical surgery, implant surgery, and surgical extractions of teeth (e.g., removal of erupted or nonerupted tooth requiring elevation of mucoperiosteal flap, removal of bone or section of tooth, and suturing if needed).
What is PPE in medical?
Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to wearable equipment that is designed to protect DHCP from exposure to or contact with infectious agents. PPE that is appropriate for various types of patient interactions and effectively covers personal clothing and skin likely to be soiled with blood, saliva, or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) should be available. These include gloves, face masks, protective eye wear, face shields, and protective clothing (e.g., reusable or disposable gown, jacket, laboratory coat). Examples of appropriate use of PPE for adherence to Standard Precautions include—
What are some examples of PPE?
These include gloves, face masks, protective eye wear, face shields, and protective clothing (e.g., reusable or disposable gown, jacket, laboratory coat). Examples of appropriate use of PPE for adherence to Standard Precautions include—.
What is the hallmark feature of an analytic epidemiologic study?
The hallmark feature of an analytic epidemiologic study is: (Choose one best answer) Use of an appropriate comparison group. Laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis. Publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
What is public health surveillance?
Public health surveillance includes which of the following activities: Diagnosing whether a case of encephalitis is actually due to West Nile virus infection. Soliciting case reports of persons with symptoms compatible with SARs from local hospitals.
What is a cohort study?
Cohort studies are conducted to investigate chronic diseases, case-control studies are used for infectious diseases. A key feature of a cross-sectional study is that: It usually provides information on prevalence rather than incidence. It is limited to health exposures and behaviors rather than health outcomes.
What is the key feature of a cross sectional study?
A key feature of a cross-sectional study is that: It usually provides information on prevalence rather than incidence. It is limited to health exposures and behaviors rather than health outcomes. It is more useful for descriptive epidemiology than it is for analytic epidemiology.
What is a specific case?
A specific case definition is one that: Is likely to include only (or mostly) true cases. Is considered “loose” or “broad”. Will include more cases than a sensitive case definition. May exclude mild cases. Comparing numbers and rates of illness in a community, rates are preferred for: (Choose one best answer)