Is a variable related to both the treatment and the outcome?
A variable that is related to both the treatment and the outcome. When a confounder is present, it is difficult to determine whether differences in the outcome are due to the treatment or to the confounder. A group of subjects is studied to determine whether various factors of interest are associated with an outcome.
How is a placebo group used in an experiment quizlet?
How is a placebo group used in an experiment? - one group of subjects receives a treatment and the other group receives a fake treatment.
When administered to subjects in an experiment a placebo is a treatment that?
Terms in this set (36) Placebo treatment: A fake treatment that we know has no effect , except through the power of suggestion.
Is the study of procedures for collecting describing and drawing conclusions?
Statistics is the study of procedures for collecting, describing, and drawing conclusions from information. A population is the entire collection of individuals about which information is sought. A sample is a subset of a population, containing the individuals that are actually observed.
What is a placebo quizlet psychology?
A placebo is a substance with no known medical effects, such as sterile water, saline solution or a sugar pill. In short, a placebo is a fake treatment that in some cases can produce a very real response.
What is the placebo effect in an experiment quizlet?
What is a placebo effect? Occurs when a person believes that he or she is receiving real treatment and reports an improvement in his or her condition.
When neither the subjects nor the experimenters know which group has received a treatment and which has not the design is called?
Double-blind design: Experimental procedure in which neither the subject nor the experimenter knows whether the subject has received the experimental treatment or a placebo.
What is experimental treatment in research?
1. in research, the conditions applied to one or more groups that are expected to cause change in some outcome or dependent variable.
Which type of research study is set up so that neither subjects nor investigators know which is the active group and which is receiving a placebo?
A double-blind study is one in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment. This procedure is utilized to prevent bias in research results.
What type of study is a prospective cohort study?
A research study that follows over time groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic (for example, female nurses who smoke and those who do not smoke) and compares them for a particular outcome (such as lung cancer).
Is the variable qualitative or quantitative?
Qualitative Versus Quantitative Their values may occur more than once for a set of data. We consider just two main types of variables in this course. Quantitative Variables - Variables whose values result from counting or measuring something. Qualitative Variables - Variables that are not measurement variables.
What is quantitative variable?
Quantitative variables are any variables where the data represent amounts (e.g. height, weight, or age). Categorical variables are any variables where the data represent groups.
What is clinical trial?
A clinical trial is one that involves human participants and seeks to answer specific questions about a type of medical intervention. This can be a drug or other type of treatment, such as nutritional changes or massage. 1 . Jose Luis Pelaez Inc / Getty Images.
What is double blind in clinical trials?
In the context of a clinical trial, double-blind means that neither the patients nor the researchers know who is getting a placebo and who is getting the treatment. Because patients don't know what they're getting, their belief about what will happen doesn't taint the results. Because the researchers don't know either, they can't hint ...
What is a double blind placebo controlled trial?
Thus, a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial is a medical study involving human participants in which neither side knows who's getting what treatment and placebo are given to a control group.
What is the correct sequence of events in the scientific method?
The correct sequence of events in the scientific method is: make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, and form a theory. When subjects do not know which treatment they are receiving in a clinical trial, but the researchers do, the study is called. single blind.
What is the process that takes place in the body to keep body temperature, heart rate, and blood sugar constant?
Physiologic processes take place in the body to keep body temperature, heart rate, and blood sugar relatively constant. This stable state is called: Click card to see definition 👆. Tap card to see definition 👆. homeostasis.
What is balance study?
A balance study also looks at functions and requirements but compares the amount of a nutrient that enters the body with what is excreted. When the amount consumed equals the amount excreted, the body is in balance. This technique measures the minimum amount of nutrient needed to replace losses.
What is the measure of the nutrient content of a food compared to its energy content?
A measure of the nutrient content of a food compared to its energy content is referred to as. nutrient density. Researchers are interested in whether caffeine has any effect on short-term memory. A study is designed in which two groups of subjects are given capsules that look identical.
What is treatment in psychology?
In a psychology experiment, the treatment is the level of the independent variable that the experimenters are manipulating. This can be contrasted with a single-blind study in which the experimenters are aware of which participants are receiving the treatment while the participants remain unaware. 1 .
Why do we do double blind studies?
Reasons to Use a Double-Blind Study 1 First, since the participants do not know which group they are in, their beliefs about the treatment are less likely to influence the outcome. 2 Second, since researchers are unaware of which subjects are receiving the real treatment, they are less likely to accidentally reveal subtle clues that might influence the outcome of the research. 1
Can you double blind in a psychotherapy experiment?
Double-blind experiments are simply not possible in some scenarios. For example, in an experiment looking at which type of psychotherapy is the most effective, it would be impossible to keep participants in the dark about whether or not they actually received therapy.
Can you take a sugar pill in a double blind study?
The rest of the subjects will receive an inactive placebo. With a double-blind study, the participants and the experimenters have no idea who is receiving the real drug and who is receiving the sugar pill.
What is the lead investigator in a study?
Participant: also known as a "human subject", a person who volunteers to be in a research experiment. Placebo: a substance that has no therapeutic effect but is given merely to satisfy a patient who supposes it could be a medicine.
What is an investigational drug?
Investigational drug/device: a new medical drug and/or device that has been tested in a laboratory but has not yet been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be legally sold and used by health care providers and/or patients. Investigators: These are researchers.
What is blinded study?
Blinded study: a study done in such a way that the study participants do not know whether they are getting a placebo (an inactive substance) or a drug, but the study team does know. If the study is comparing two different doses or two different medications, then the human participants do not know which they are getting.
What is a human subject?
Human subject: a participant who volunteers to be in a clinical study. Informed consent: a patient’s written consent to participate in a clinical study after fully discussing with the researchers all the relevant health-related facts and the risks involved.
What is a protocol in clinical research?
Protocol: a written plan for carrying out a clinical study. A protocol includes what will be done, when, and how. Randomization: Mixing up the types of participants in enrolled into an experimental group or a control group, so that it will be fair to compare the two groups.
What is clinical investigation?
Clinical investigation or ‘clinical research’ or ‘clinical study’ or ‘clinical trial’: research that either directly involves human participants or uses materials of human origin (for example, blood) to test the safety and/or effectiveness of drugs, medical devices, procedures, or preventions.
What is an adverse event in clinical research?
Adverse event: any unexpected change in health or any side effect that occurs in a person while they are still under the effect of a treatment in a clinical trial. All adverse events must be reported to an institutional review board, whether they are serious or minor.
