What is the importance of experimental research in psychology?
Apr 05, 2022 · Endovascular procedures may be used to treat certain hemorrhagic strokes. The doctor inserts a long tube through a major artery in the leg or arm and then guides the tube to the site of the weak spot or break in a blood vessel. The tube is then used to install a device, such as a coil, to repair the damage or prevent bleeding. Surgical treatment.
Which type of psychologist deal exclusively with clients who suffer from?
Jun 04, 2021 · Research on injury mechanisms focuses on what causes immediate harm and on the cascade of helpful and harmful bodily reactions that protect from or contribute to damage in the hours and days following a spinal cord injury. This includes testing of neuroprotective interventions in laboratory animals.
What happens when subjects are exposed to two different treatments?
Nov 30, 2017 · Ethics governs not just the treatment provided to the research participants but also to the researchers. Any researcher who contributes substantially to a research project or paper needs to get credit. This holds true even if the researcher is a student. This is usually done by naming him/her as an author on the final paper.
How can I participate in clinical research studies?
Which of the following statements is true of the experimental method of research? a. In the experimental method of research, participants in experimental groups do not obtain the treatment being tested. b. In the experimental method of research, participants in control groups obtain the treatment being tested. c.
What 2 treatments have been developed to destroy cancer cells?
Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams, such as X-rays or protons, to kill cancer cells.Jun 4, 2020
Why would reducing the rate of cell division be helpful in treating cancer?
The ability of chemotherapy to kill cancer cells depends on its ability to halt cell division. Usually, cancer drugs work by damaging the RNA or DNA that tells the cell how to copy itself in division. If the cancer cells are unable to divide, they die.
How the cell cycle including the process of mitosis and cell differentiation are affected by cancer?
Cancer is unchecked cell growth. Mutations in genes can cause cancer by accelerating cell division rates or inhibiting normal controls on the system, such as cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death. As a mass of cancerous cells grows, it can develop into a tumor.
Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer cells?
The hallmarks constitute an organizing principle for rationalizing the complexities of neoplastic disease. They include sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis.
What would happen if cells stopped dividing?
Cell division takes occurs by a strict cycle, with multiple stages and checkpoints to ensure things don't go awry. Perhaps most importantly, without cell division, no species would be able to reproduce—life would simply end (or would have ended a long time ago).
Which of the following conditions would prevent cell division due to density dependent factors?
Which of the following conditions would prevent cell division due to density-dependent factors? Being completely surrounded by other cells.
What happens during differentiation?
During cell differentiation, the unspecialised cells mature and evolve to perform a specific function. This occurs due to differential gene expression, change in their shape, cell wall, protoplasm, etc.
Which one is true for S phase of cell cycle of cancer cells?
DNA Synthesis (S phase) In many cancer cells the number of chromosomes is altered so that there are either too many or too few chromosomes in the cells. These cells are said to be aneuploid. Errors may occur during the DNA replication resulting in mutations and possibly the development of cancer.
What happens in each stage of cell cycle?
The cell cycle is a four-stage process in which the cell increases in size (gap 1, or G1, stage), copies its DNA (synthesis, or S, stage), prepares to divide (gap 2, or G2, stage), and divides (mitosis, or M, stage). The stages G1, S, and G2 make up interphase, which accounts for the span between cell divisions.
What is meant by hallmark of cancer?
The Hallmarks of Cancer were proposed as a set of functional capabilities acquired by human cells as they make their way from normalcy to neoplastic growth states, more specifically capabilities that are crucial for their ability to form malignant tumors.Jan 12, 2022
What is the Warburg effect and why is it a cancer hallmark?
The Warburg effect is a hallmark of cancer that refers to the preference of cancer cells to metabolize glucose anaerobically rather than aerobically, even under normoxia, which contributes to chemoresistance.Sep 3, 2021
Why is angiogenesis considered a hallmark of cancer?
Cancer cells stimulate the growth of blood vessels to supply nutrients to tumors. Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing blood vessels. This plays an important role in tumor growth.
Why is it important to treat strokes?
Your doctor may give you medications or tell you to change your diet, exercise, or adopt other healthy lifestyle habits.
How to stop bleeding in brain?
Medicine, surgery, or other procedures may be needed to stop the bleeding and save brain tissue. For example: 1 Endovascular procedures. Endovascular procedures may be used to treat certain hemorrhagic strokes. The doctor inserts a long tube through a major artery in the leg or arm and then guides the tube to the site of the weak spot or break in a blood vessel. The tube is then used to install a device, such as a coil, to repair the damage or prevent bleeding. 2 Surgical treatment. Hemorrhagic strokes may be treated with surgery. If the bleeding is caused by a ruptured aneurysm, a metal clip may be put in place to stop the blood loss.
What to do if someone has a stroke?
If someone you know shows signs of stroke, call 9-1-1 right away. Do not drive to the hospital or let someone else drive you. The key to stroke treatment and recovery is getting to the hospital quickly. Yet 1 in 3 stroke patients never calls 9-1-1. 1 Calling an ambulance means that medical staff can begin life-saving treatment on the way to ...
What is the best medicine for a stroke?
If you get to the hospital within 3 hours of the first symptoms of an ischemic stroke, you may get a type of medicine called a thrombolytic (a “clot-busting” drug) to break up blood clots. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a thrombolytic. tPA improves the chances of recovering from a stroke.
What is a tube used for?
The tube is then used to install a device, such as a coil, to repair the damage or prevent bleeding. Surgical treatment. Hemorrhagic strokes may be treated with surgery. If the bleeding is caused by a ruptured aneurysm, a metal clip may be put in place to stop the blood loss.
What is injury mechanism?
Research on injury mechanisms focuses on what causes immediate harm and on the cascade of helpful and harmful bodily reactions that protect from or contribute to damage in the hours and days following a spinal cord injury. This includes testing of neuroprotective interventions in laboratory animals.
What is incomplete spinal cord injury?
An incomplete injury means the spinal cord is still able to transmit some messages to or from the brain. People with incomplete injuries retain some sensory function and may have some control of muscle activity below the injury site.
What causes SCI?
SCI can be caused by direct injury to the spinal cord itself or from damage to the tissue and bones (vertebrae) that surround the spinal cord. This damage can result in temporary or permanent changes in sensation, movement, strength, and body functions below the site of injury.
How does occupational therapy help with motor skills?
Occupational therapy helps redevelop fine motor skills, particularly those needed to perform activities of daily living such as getting in and out of a bed, self-grooming, eating, and using a toilet. People may learn how to cope with spasticity, autonomic dysreflexia, and neurogenic pain.
What is the extent of disability?
The extent of disability depends on where along the spinal cord the injury occurs and the severity of the injury. Loss of nerve function occurs below the level of injury. An injury higher on the spinal cord can cause paralysis in most of the body and affect all limbs (called tetraplegia or quadriplegia ).
What causes spinal cord damage?
The rest are due to acts of violence (primarily gunshot wounds and assaults), sports injuries, medical or surgical injury, industrial accidents, diseases and conditions that can damage the spinal cord, and other less common causes.
What is a CT scan?
Computerized tomography (CT) provides rapid, clear two-dimensional images of organs, bones, and tissues. CT can detect bone fractures, bleeding, and spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal). X-rays show two-dimensional images of most parts of the body, such as a joint or major organ system.
What is the best way to evaluate research?
Transparency: Disclose all the necessary information needed to evaluate your research. Intellectual Property: Avoid plagiarism, give proper credit to all contribution in your research and honor all forms of intellectual property.
What is the purpose of confidentiality in research?
Confidentiality: Protect and safeguard all confidential information recorded in your research. Responsible Publication: Publish for the sole reason to advance the knowledge in your field. Responsible Mentoring: Help and mentor other researchers and promote their welfare.
What is informed consent?
Informed consent is a key principle of research ethics. It is important that the person who is invited to be part of the research understands both the benefits and the risks involved. They must have all the information that could affect their decision to participate. Each potential research participant should know: 1 Why the study is being done, how long it will last, and what methods will be used 2 Whether they have the right to not participate or to leave the study at any time 3 What are the possible risks or benefits involved, if any 4 What are the limits of confidentiality (circumstances under which their identity might be revealed) 5 Whom they can contact for their queries.
Why is informed consent important?
It is important that the person who is invited to be part of the research understands both the benefits and the risks involved. They must have all the information that could affect their decision to participate. Each potential research participant should know:
How to evaluate credibility of research?
It is important to evaluate the credibility of the information before taking any decisions regarding the research. Create a list of actions you could take and evaluate the consequences of each one. Make a final choice that seeks to minimize harm and build trust.
What are ethical violations in research?
Ethical Violations in Research. Research misconduct can have dire consequences. For instance, surgeon Paolo Macchiarini conducted experiments on patients without sound preclinical data. He worked on artificial transplantation of trachea within several patients, which turned out to be pathbreaking in medical history.
What is the ethical code for medical research?
One of the more famous ethical guidelines followed in medical research is the Nuremberg Code. Using the Nuremberg Code shows a commitment to respect research participants. The terrible experiments conducted by the Nazis during the Second World War inspired the formulation of the Nuremberg Code. These experiments often resulted in severe injury ...
What is a cohort study?
Cohort (prospective) design. Observational studies, sometimes called a prospective design, that start with a presumed cause and then go forward to the presumed effect. Prospective studies are more costly, but much stronger, than retrospective studies. For one thing, any ambiguity about the temporal sequence of phenomena is resolved in prospective ...
What is descriptive study?
The purpose of descriptive studies is to observe, describe, and document aspects of a situation. For example, an investigator may wish to determine the percentage of teenagers who engage in risky behavior (e.g., drug use, unsafe sex)—i.e., the prevalence of such behaviors. Descriptive correlational study.
What are some examples of statistical control?
Example of statistical control: Grav, Hellzen, Romild, and Stordal (2012) studied the association between social support (both emotional and tangible) and depression in a general adult population in Norway.
What is random assignment?
Random assignment is a signature of an experimental design (RCT). If subjects are not randomly assigned to intervention groups, then the design is not a true experiment. Random sampling, by contrast, refers to a method of selecting people for a study, as we discuss in Chapter 10.
