how you think the treatment of serious diseases will improve as a result of the hgp

How can we reduce the spread of infectious diseases?

Describe how the treatment for serious diseases will improve as a result of information from the HGP. For example, think about how drug therapy might improve and how gene therapy could be used.(For example, drugs could be developed to target a specific disease, and possibly the genes could be modified.) 3. Do you think that most people are in favor of the Human Genome …

Why do some people have more severe diseases than others?

Diseases of persons with impaired host defenses. Persons whose normal host defenses against infection have been impaired by illness, by medical treatment, or as a result of age are more likely to become ill with various infectious diseases.

How can we prevent and treat chronic diseases?

In other diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease, the genetic component is more modest. In fact, we do not typically think of these diseases as "genetic diseases," because we inherit not the certainty of developing a disease, but only a predisposition to developing it.

What are the effects of implementation of prevention guidelines?

Nov 23, 2009 · B. Decribe how the treatment for serrious diseases will improve as a result of information from the HGP. For example, think about how the drug therapy might improve and how gene therapy could be used. (For example, drugs could be developed to target a specific disease, and possibly the genes could be modified.) C.

How has the HGP helped medicine?

The HGP benefited biology and medicine by creating a sequence of the human genome; sequencing model organisms; developing high-throughput sequencing technologies; and examining the ethical and social issues implicit in such technologies.Sep 13, 2013

How can study of HGP help in fighting human diseases?

Abstract. The Human Genome Project has made it easier to genetically map and clone mutant genes which predispose to a great many human diseases.

How will the Human Genome project help us in the future?

The Human Genome Project, the mapping of our 30,000-50,000 genes and the sequencing of all of our DNA, will have major impact on biomedical research and the whole of therapeutic and preventive health care. The tracing of genetic diseases to their molecular causes is rapidly expanding diagnostic and preventive options.

What diseases did the Human Genome project HELP?

Progress in understanding three common, complex diseases: age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), are three exemplars of the incredible impact on the elucidation of the genetic architecture of disease.

Why is HGP important to the study and treatment of inherited disorders?

It enables us to: search for genes linked to different types of disease. understand inherited disorders and their treatment. trace human migration patterns from the past.

What is the importance of HGP to humans Brainly?

Answer. Answer: The work of the Human Genome Project has allowed researchers to begin to understand the blueprint for building a person. As researchers learn more about the functions of genes and proteins, this knowledge will have a major impact in the fields of medicine, biotechnology, and the life sciences.Sep 5, 2020

What is the impact of the human genome project on improving the lives of human beings?

The HGP can also be very useful for the understanding of human evolution and human migration. It may help lead scientists to find out how humans have evolved and how humans are evolving today. It will also help to understand the common biology that we share with all life on earth.

How has the knowledge of the structure of DNA helped us understand health and diseases better?

Understanding the structure and function of DNA has helped revolutionise the investigation of disease pathways, assess an individual's genetic susceptibility to specific diseases, diagnose genetic disorders, and formulate new drugs. It is also critical to the identification of pathogens.

How will genome sequencing impact our future life?

Currently, genome sequencing is having the greatest impact in stratifying cancer, characterising genetic disease, and providing information about an individual's likely response to treatment.Jul 7, 2014

How has genomics been used to diagnose and treat diseases?

Fast, large-scale, low-cost DNA sequencing has propelled genomics into mainstream medicine, driving a revolutionary shift toward precision medicine. Early diagnosis of a disease can significantly increase the chances of successful treatment, and genomics can detect a disease long before symptoms present themselves.Feb 20, 2019

How have the results of the Human Genome project impacted the treatment of genetic and congenital diseases?

Results: A number of disease genes have already been identified, leading to improved diagnosis and novel approaches to therapy. A new type of mutation, trinucleotide repeat expansion, has been found to be responsible for at least seven diseases with an unusual inheritance pattern.

How is genomics used in medicine?

Genomic medicine is the study of our genes (DNA) and their interaction with our health. Genomics investigates how a person's biological information can be used to improve their clinical care and health outcomes (eg through effective diagnosis and personalised treatment.

Why is it important to understand the risk factors of disease?

A better understanding of risk factors for the development of infection and disease will provide new opportunities for disease prevention. A better understanding of relationships between infectious agents and some chronic diseases will lead to new strategies for preventing and treating chronic diseases.

What are the factors that affect the spread of infectious diseases?

Summary Societal, technological, and environmental factors continue to have a dramatic effect on infectious diseases worldwide, facilitating the emergence of new diseases and the reemergence of old ones, sometimes in drug-resistant forms.

What is the CDC's role in the national reference center?

CDC will have enhanced capacity to serve as the national reference center for diagnosis of infectious diseases and for drug-resistance testing.

What is the Presidential Decision Directive on Emerging Infectious Diseases?

In 1996, a Presidential Decision Directive on emerging infectious diseases established a new national policy to address the growing health and national security threat posed by infectious diseases, including the potential threat of bioterrorism (31). Goals and Objectives.

What was the 1995 policy report on infectious diseases?

In 1995, a policy report issued by the Committee on International Science, Engineering, and Technology ( CISET) of the National Science and Technology Council recommended governmentwide action to combat emerging infectious diseases (30).

What is the threat of infectious diseases?

Infectious diseases are a continuing threat to all persons, regardless of age, sex, lifestyle, ethnic background, and socioeconomic status (1). They cause suffering and death and impose a financial burden on society ( Table_1) (2-12).

Why is research important?

Research is essential in efforts to understand, prevent, control, and respond to new and reemerging infectious diseases. Much of CDC's emerging infectious disease research is laboratory-based or epidemiologic, often performed in response to an emergency such as an outbreak of disease.

How Do Scientists Study Human Genetic Variation?

Two research approaches were historically important in helping investigators understand the biological basis of heredity. The first of these approaches, transmission genetics, involved crossing organisms and studying the offsprings' traits to develop hypotheses about the mechanisms of inheritance.

How Much Genetic Variation Exists Among Humans?

Homo sapiens is a relatively young species and has not had as much time to accumulate genetic variation as have the vast majority of species on earth, most of which predate humans by enormous expanses of time. Nonetheless, there is considerable genetic variation in our species.

What Is the Significance of Human Genetic Variation?

Almost all human genetic variation is relatively insignificant biologically; that is, it has no adaptive significance. Some variation (for example, a neutral mutation) alters the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein but produces no detectable change in its function.

How Is Our Understanding of Human Genetic Variation Affecting Medicine?

As noted earlier, one of the benefits of understanding human genetic variation is its practical value for understanding and promoting health and for understanding and combating disease. We probably cannot overestimate the importance of this benefit. First, as Figure 5 shows, virtually every human disease has a genetic component.

Genetics, Ethics, and Society

What are the implications of using our growing knowledge of human genetic variation to improve personal and public health? As noted earlier, the rapid pace of the discovery of genetic factors in disease has improved our ability to predict the risk of disease in asymptomatic individuals.

Glossary

The following glossary was modified from the glossary on the National Human Genome Research Institute's Web site, available at http://www.nhgri.nih.gov.

How does Skrbl help students?

Skrbl allows students and teachers to use the Skrbl whiteboard at the same time during a Skrbl session. This way students and teachers can have discussions on certain topics and comment on posts other students have made. This would allow for students that may not speak up so much in class to feel more comfortable participating in activities. Skrbl can also be used by the teacher to conduct a lesson plan. Teachers can use the application on their computer and blow up their screen onto the bulletin board. This, for example, would allow an individual student to go up to the teacher's computer and answer a math question while other students watched the board.

What do students do when they read the Odyssey?

As students read through the adventures of the Odyssey they will create a skribl.com white board where they can add pictures, drawings, text, or links to tell the story of the Odyssey in a new and different way, allowing them to create a scrapbook for Odysseus and his sailors of the journey they went on.

How does Skrbl work?

Skrbl is an easy to use share online whiteboard application that allows the user to draw, type, upload pictures, and share files. It allows users to express their imagination and let their imagination flow. Skrbl can be used personally, as a public sharing space, or can be used as a meeting whiteboard. It is free of charge to use and there is no downloading required and nothing to install. Skrbl is used by 445,000 people and they have created 141,000 Skrbl boards. There is however, a limit on how many photos a person is able to upload. There is a max of 2mb per file and 10mb of storage.

What is Skrbl used for?

In Australia, Skrbl is listed as a recommended technology for teachers in educational resource sites such as Education Queensland and EDNA. EDNA states Skbrl's usefulness as a brainstorming, drafting and note taking tool.

Why do we need antibiotics?

In addition to treating an infection, antibiotics may be prescribed prophylactically to prevent infections in the case of high risk. For example HIV/AIDS or otherwise immunosuppressed patients may be prescribed antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections. 11 This is also true in the case of cancer patients with suppressed immune systems, ...

What was the importance of antibiotics in the early 1900s?

The Value of Antibiotics in Treating Infectious Diseases. In the early 1900s one of the major global health threats was infectious diseases associated with poor hygiene and poor sanitation.

How does antibiotic resistance affect the world?

Unlike almost every other class of drug, antibiotics drive their own obsolescence by selecting for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria extract a significant public health and economic burden on healthcare systems. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that each year in the U.S., at least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to common antibiotics, and at least 23,000 people die each year as a direct result of these infections. 26 The economic burden created by antibiotic resistance in the U.S. is estimated at $55 billion ($20 billion in health service costs and $35 billion in lost productivity) per year. 27 Antibiotic-resistant infections cause over 50,000 deaths annually in Europe, with hundreds of thousands more dying in other regions. 28

How are antibiotics used?

How Antibiotics are used. Today there are literally hundreds of different antibiotics that may be prescribed based upon the type of infection and suspected bacteria. For serious/severe infections, a broad-spectrum antibiotic (i.e., one that is effective against many different bacteria) is used initially.

What is AMS in healthcare?

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) works to ensure antibiotics are only used when appropriate and that the correct antibiotic for a patient is used at the correct dose and for the proper duration. To be successful, AMS requires an evidence-based approach, involving education, resistance surveillance and antibiotic usage review.

What are the two types of infections that antibiotics treat?

While antibiotics are used to treat and prevent numerous types of infections, these infections can be divided into two basic types: community acquired and hospital acquired.

How many people are infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that each year in the U.S., at least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to common antibiotics, ...

What is the purpose of saliva sample?

On the surface, the concept seems like a no-brainer: A sample of blood or saliva can offer clues to your body’s genetic defects, a road map to predicting future problems ranging from Alzheimer’s disease to cancer.

What is genetic testing?

It offers insight: With genetic testing, “we’re targeting the coding part of the gene that is relevant to your particular disease ,” Aatre says. That, she notes, involves reading a DNA sequence from start to finish to see if there are any “interruptions/disruptions” — mutations associated with the disease in question — that stop the gene from making normal proteins.

Why is it important to know if a mutation is absent?

Knowing that a particular mutation is absent can help people ease anxiety about their own health and that of their children. “A big part of genetic testing is trying to determine who else in the family is at risk ,” Aatre says. “But you’re also providing reassurance.”.

Can two siblings have different DNA tests?

And since each parent contributes 50 percent to a child’s DNA, two siblings may have different test results. “The science is easy to process; the emotional component is not,” says Rajani Aatre, M.S., M.Sc., a genetic counselor at the University of Michigan Frankel Cardiovascular Center.

Why can't people choose whether to have germline gene therapy?

Because people who would be affected by germline gene therapy are not yet born, they can’t choose whether to have the treatment. Because of these ethical concerns, the U.S. Government does not allow federal funds to be used for research on germline gene therapy in people.

What is germline gene therapy?

This approach is known as germline gene therapy. The idea of germline gene therapy is controversial. While it could spare future generations in a family from having a particular genetic disorder, it might affect the development of a fetus in unexpected ways or have long-term side effects that are not yet known.

What are ethical concerns in gene therapy?

Because gene therapy involves making changes to the body’s set of basic instructions, it raises many unique ethical concerns. The ethical questions surrounding gene therapy include: 1 How can “good” and “bad” uses of gene therapy be distinguished? 2 Who decides which traits are normal and which constitute a disability or disorder? 3 Will the high costs of gene therapy make it available only to the wealthy? 4 Could the widespread use of gene therapy make society less accepting of people who are different? 5 Should people be allowed to use gene therapy to enhance basic human traits such as height, intelligence, or athletic ability?

Can gene therapy be passed to children?

This type of gene therapy cannot be passed to a person’s children.

What is the best way to remove a weakened immune system?

You have a weakened immune system. There are two main types of surgery: Primary bowel resection. The surgeon removes diseased segments of your intestine and then reconnects the healthy segments (anastomosis). This allows you to have normal bowel movements.

What tests are done to rule out pelvic disease?

Women generally have a pelvic examination as well to rule out pelvic disease. After that, the following tests are likely: Blood and urine tests, to check for signs of infection. A pregnancy test for women of childbearing age, to rule out pregnancy as a cause of abdominal pain. A liver enzyme test, to rule out liver-related causes of abdominal pain.

How long after diverticulitis can you have a colonoscopy?

Your doctor may recommend colonoscopy six weeks after you recover from diverticulitis, especially if you haven't had the test in the previous year. There doesn't appear to be a direct link between diverticular disease and colon or rectal cancer.

What test can be used to diagnose diverticulitis?

A liver enzyme test, to rule out liver-related causes of abdominal pain. A stool test, to rule out infection in people who have diarrhea. A CT scan, which can identify inflamed or infected pouches and confirm a diagnosis of diverticulitis. CT can also indicate the severity of diverticulitis and guide treatment.

What to do if you have a pre-appointment?

What you can do. Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions, such as not eating solid food on the day before your appointment. Write down your symptoms, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason why you scheduled the appointment. Make a list of all your medications, vitamins and supplements.

How to remember what your doctor says?

Make a list of all your medications, vitamins and supplements. Write down your key medical information, including other conditions. Write down key personal information, including any recent changes or stressors in your life. Ask a relative or friend to accompany you, to help you remember what the doctor says.

How to treat diverticulitis?

Treatment generally involves: Intravenous antibiotics. Insertion of a tube to drain an abdominal abscess, if one has formed.

How to treat Sjogren's syndrome?

Many people manage the dry eye and dry mouth of Sjogren's syndrome by using over-the-counter eyedrops and sipping water more frequently. But some people need prescription medications, or even surgical procedures.

Why is Sjogren's syndrome so difficult to diagnose?

Sjogren's syndrome can be difficult to diagnose because the signs and symptoms vary from person to person and can be similar to those caused by other diseases. Side effects of a number of medications also mimic some signs and symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome.

What tests can check the function of salivary glands?

Certain imaging tests can check the function of your salivary glands. Sialogram. This special X-ray can detect dye that's injected into the salivary glands in front of your ears. This procedure shows how much saliva flows into your mouth. Salivary scintigraphy.

What is the best medication for dry eyes?

Prescription eyedrops such as cyclosporine (Restasis) or lifitegrast (Xiidra) may be recommended by your eye doctor if you have moderate to severe dry eyes. Increase production of saliva.

How to relieve dry eyes?

To relieve dry eyes: Use artificial tears, an eye lubricant or both. Artificial tears — in eyedrop form — and eye lubricants — in eyedrop, gel or ointment form — help relieve the discomfort of dry eyes. You don't have to apply eye lubricants as often as artificial tears.

How to get rid of dry skin on the vagina?

If dry skin is a problem, avoid hot water when you bathe and shower. Pat your skin — don't rub — with a towel, and apply moisturizer when your skin is still damp. Use rubber gloves when doing dishes or housecleaning. Vaginal moisturizers and lubricants help women who have vaginal dryness.

How to get rid of dry mouth?

Increase your fluid intake. Take sips of fluids, particularly water, throughout the day. Avoid drinking coffee or alcohol since they can worsen dry mouth symptoms. Also avoid acidic beverages such as colas and some sports drinks because the acid can harm the enamel of your teeth.

Identifying Genetic Variants

Sharing and Protecting Data

Improving Treatment

• The second step towards genomic medicine and prevention is ensuring that test results lead to improved health. Significant head roads have been made, but the number of conditions which have treatments or can be prevented based on genomic data is still relatively low. People with a genetic condition called Charcot Marie Tooth disease(CMT), for insta...

See more on theconversation.com

Preventing Disease

Predicting Illness

Next Steps