When is discontinuation of AED indicated in the treatment of epilepsy?
AED discontinuation may be considered in patients whose seizures have been completely controlled for a prolonged period, typically 1 to 2 years for children and 2 to 5 years for adults. For children, symptomatic epilepsy, adolescent onset, and a longer time to achieve seizure control are associated with a worse prognosis.
What is the risk of relapse after withdrawal from AEDs?
Even in patients with a favorable prognosis, however, the risk of relapse can be as high as 20% to 25%. Before withdrawing AEDs, patients should be counseled about their individual risk for relapse and the potential implications of a recurrent seizure, particularly for safety and driving.
How is the decision to discontinue treatment with an AED made?
The decision to discontinue treatment with an AED requires consideration of the same variables taken into account in deciding to start treatment. The patient plays a key role in this decision-making.
How to stop bleeding in a child's nose?
Don't stuff tissues or another material into the nose to stop the bleeding. Firmly pinch the soft part of your child's nose —using a cold compress if you have one, otherwise your fingers—and keep the pressure on for a full 10 minutes.
How to stop a child from sneezing?
Don't let him lie down or lean back because this will allow blood to flow down his throat and might make him vomit. Don't stuff tissues or another material into the nose to stop the bleeding.
How long does it take for a nosebleed to stop?
A nosebleed usually comes on suddenly, with blood flowing freely from one nostril. Most nosebleeds stop by themselves within a few minutes.
What does it mean when a child is pale?
Your child is pale, sweaty, or not responding to you. You believe your child has lost a lot of blood. Your child is bleeding from the mouth or vomiting blood or brown material that looks like coffee grounds. Your child's nose is bleeding after a blow or injury to any part of the head.
