The Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model is derived from core principles that have been shown to enhance the overall effectiveness of correctional treatment programs (see Bonta and Andrews, 2007). The use of the RNR model is highly effective in treatment, as is addresses the risks of reoffending for the offender, the needs of offenders that must be targeted in treatment and the style of treatment that works best depending each offenders’ risk level and need (Dowden and Andrews, 2004; Bonta and Andrews, 2007; Bonta et al., 2010; Taxman et al., 2015).
Full Answer
How can I improve the performance of my treatment program?
Without objective indicators of performance, it is difficult to know how effective a treatment program is, whether its performance is improving or worsening. This chapter examines approaches for measuring and improving the performance of outpatient treatment (OT) and intensive outpatient treatment (IOT) programs, using objective performance data.
What is performance improvement in substance abuse treatment?
4. Analyze Your Results to Improve Treatment Effectiveness 5. Measure Your Program’s Post-Treatment Results 6. Create a Culture of Continuous Improvement a. Develop a Strategic Plan 7. Use Your Results to Improve Your Bottom Line a. Easily Comply with Accreditation and Licensing Standards b. Publicize Your Use of Outcome Measures
What are the outcomes of a drug treatment program?
Mar 22, 2022 · The intensive outpatient program (IOP) is one of the most innovative treatments available to help individuals with mental health issues. It’s a treatment and support program widely used to treat bipolar disorders, self-harm, drug dependency, depression, and …
How do you improve performance and monitoring outcomes?
What are the psychoeducational intervention manuals?
Researchers working in the DATAR project have also developed several psychoeducational intervention manuals for counselors to use to educate patients and build patients' skills in important areas that community-based programs often do not have the resources to address. These modules, which cover HIV/AIDS education, assertiveness training for women, and transition to aftercare, "provide information that is sorely needed in the populations they serve," Dr. Fletcher says. "The manuals are hands-on, get to the point, tell counselors what they need to know, and can be used with minimal preparation," Dr. Simpson notes.
What is cognitive enhancement?
DATAR studies show that this cognitive-enhancement technique is an important new clinical tool that improves the therapeutic relationship between counselor and patients and increases the effectiveness of drug abuse counseling sessions.
How does rehabilitation help inmates?
In addition to reducing recidivism, rehabilitation programs can also serve other related goals, such as making it easier to safely manage the inmate population, improving overall inmate wellbeing, and improving inmate educational attainment. These secondary goals can also result in direct and indirect fiscal benefits.
What is rehabilitation in prison?
Rehabilitation programs are generally offered to offenders who are incarcerated in either state prison or county jail, as well as those who are supervised in the community by state parole agents or county probation officers. Below, we provide a general overview of the rehabilitation programs provided in state prisons and managed by ...
How is recidivism measured?
For example, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) currently measures recidivism based on the number of inmates who are convicted of a subsequent crime within three years of thei r release from state prison. Alternatively, some organizations measure recidivism as the total number of offenders who return to prison. However, this calculation does not include offenders who were returned to jail. While there is no universally agreed upon method for measuring recidivism, various measures can help agencies understand the extent to which offenders remain involved with the criminal justice system following their release.
What is the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation?
In addition to the state‑funded rehabilitation programs, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) allows certain nonstate entities and the California Prison Industry Authority (CalPIA) to offer rehabilitation programs at prisons.
What is a CDCR assessment?
Assessments Conducted to Determine Risk and Needs. At prisons with reception centers (which receive inmates being admitted to CDCR) inmates are evaluated to determine which prison would be most appropriate for the inmate to serve his or her sentence. While at the reception center, CDCR staff generally determine the criminal risk factors that increase each inmate’s risk to recidivate, as well as the specific rehabilitative needs necessary to address those risk factors. The department currently uses assessments to help determine which specific needs should be addressed and which inmates should receive priority when assigning inmates to rehabilitation programs. Specifically, CDCR uses the following two assessments:
What is the CDCR?
CDCR is responsible for implementing and overseeing rehabilitation programs. In addition, state law created the Office of the Inspector General (OIG)—an independent state agency to provide independent oversight over CDCR’s processes and procedures, including the operation of rehabilitation programs. Most of OIG’s oversight of rehabilitation programs is conducted through the California Rehabilitation Oversight Board (C‑ROB), which consists of 11 m embers who are appointed by the Governor and Legislature. The board is chaired by the Inspector General and supported by four OIG staff members. C‑ROB regularly monitors whether programs are operating at capacity and identifies what factors (such as teacher absences) prevent the programs from doing so. The board does this by regularly collecting data, visiting programs, and making recommendations to address issues it identifies.
What is the Pew MacArthur results first initiative?
The Pew‑MacArthur Results First Initiative works with states and other governmental entities to identify cost‑effective government programs, including those in criminal justice such as in‑prison rehabilitation programs. The Results First Initiative will compare the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) rehabilitation programs—beginning with its substance use disorder programs—against an inventory of programs that have been evaluated elsewhere and shown to reduce recidivism. Results First uses the results of the evaluations to calculate the potential cost‑effectiveness of CDCR programs. Specifically, it ( 1) a ssumes that CDCR’s programs will have the same effect on recidivism as the programs implemented elsewhere and ( 2) e stimates the potential costs and benefits of a specific CDCR program based on how much it costs to operate the program and the California‑specific costs associated with recidivism (such as how much it costs to operate prisons). However, this initiative will not specifically evaluate CDCR programs’ actual effects on recidivism.
Overview
- Drug overdose deaths have skyrocketed during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to provisional data, there were more than 100,000 fatalities in the 12-month period ending June 2021—a 20.6% increase over the previous 12 months.1 To address this crisis, states should expand their treatment offerings and remove unnecessary regulations so that more people can access lifesa…
OTPs Should Be Accessible to All Patients in Need
- Patients with OUD should have access to the medication that works best for them as soon as they are ready to engage in treatment. For some, this means having a nearby OTP so that they can receive methadone. Yet, in many states, particularly in their rural areas, these services are out of reach.14 For example, Wyoming has no OTPs, so people must go to another state to receive met…
OTPs Should Provide Patient-Centered Care
- People with OUD vary in their goals, how their body responds to medication, and what they need from treatment providers. But too often, OTP care takes a one-size-fits-all approach that offers a single medication at a dose too low to reduce opioid cravings, an assumed goal of abstinence from all illicit substances, and strict treatment rules that create high barriers to care by punishin…
OTPs Should Provide Integrated Medical and Mental Health Care
- People with OUD often have other health problems. One study found that, after “drug overdose and disorder,” the leading causes of death among people with OUD served by a large health system included cardiovascular disease, cancer, and infectious disease.47 Patients need integrated care to address these health problems, yet OTPs are rarely physically integrated with …
OTPs Should Offer Services Tailored to The Populations They Serve
- Beyond medication, OTPs are required by federal rules to offer counseling, vocational, and educational services.57 In planning these programs, OTPs should consider the unique needs of their population: Treatment environments can influence whether individuals remain in treatment, and seeing individuals who share a similar culture or experiences can help build trust and comfo…
Conclusion
- OTPs’ treatment and services vary widely across the country, and there are many opportunities to expand their reach and improve the quality of services they provide. State policymakers should work to implement these changes to ensure access to quality, patient-centered care for all of their residents.
Endnotes
- F. Ahmad, L. Rossen, and P. Sutton, “Provisional Drug Overdose Death Counts,” National Center for Health Statistics, accessed Nov. 6, 2020, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm.
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, “Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use an…
- F. Ahmad, L. Rossen, and P. Sutton, “Provisional Drug Overdose Death Counts,” National Center for Health Statistics, accessed Nov. 6, 2020, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm.
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, “Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health” (2021)...
- The Pew Charitable Trusts, “Policies Should Promote Access to Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder” (2021), https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2021/05/policies-should-...
- Federal Register: 37 Fed. Reg. 26701 (Dec. 15, 1972). 37, https://www.loc.gov/item/fr037242/…
