Why use process calculations for water treatment applications?
Process calculations for water treatment applications can be helpful in determining the optimal perfomance settings for your system. Below is a set of calculation tools to aid in determining appropriate sized filters required of a given set of operational requirements.
How to select the optimum alum dose for bulk water treatment?
Select the optimum dosage on the basis of supernatant clarity and settleability of floc with secondary considerations to cost and sludge production. In bulk water treatment, the jar tests are repeated with varied alum dose until the ideal dose is found. The needed dose varies with the pH of the water and the size of the particles.
What is a water treatment calculator and units’ converter?
Pure Aqua offers water treatment calculators and units’ converters to help you evaluate and select your water treatment systems properly. With these calculators, you can calculate and convert US units to the standard units (SI-units). This is useful for Pure Aqua customers since we sell our water treatment systems all over the world.
How to control coagulant dose in water treatment?
The coagulant dose in the water treatment should be judiciously controlled based on the results of jar test as the turbidity level is continuously changing. The jar test apparatus is shown below Analyze the collected natural surface water for pH, turbidity, and alkalinity.
How long does it take for a water mixer to mix?
If the water is mixed for less than 30 seconds, then the chemicals will not be properly mixed into the water. However, if the water is mixed for more than 60 seconds, then the mixer blades will shear the newly forming floc back into small particles. After flash mixing, coagulation occurs.
How long to settle a floc?
Note the size and appearance of the floc formed. After flocculation, remove the paddles and allow for a settling period of 30 minutes or wait until most of the floc is removed from suspension.
How long does it take to stir a flocculant?
The use of minimum quantity of coagulant to be effective in producing good flocculation in any given water, will usually require a fairly long stirring varying from 15 to 30 minutes in summer and 30 to 60 minutes in the colder months.
When is a chemical feed system justified?
A significant investment in a chemical feed system can often be justified when compared with the high cost of these control problems. When a chentical feed system is not properly engineered, chemical levels are often above or below program specifications. The use of a proper feed system can prevent this situation.
Can a coagulant be controlled?
The coagulant dose in the water treatment should be judiciously controlled based on the results of jar test as the tur bidity level is continuously changing. The jar test apparatus is shown below
The Process of Dosing 101
A pump skid is often used for this process and it includes a metering pump, safety equipment, and a monitoring control system with various options to control the flow of the chemical such as pressure gauges, valves, switches and calibration columns.
Buffering PH Levels
Lime or sodium hydroxide is dosed into a body of water according to very specific pH levels which are measured and noted. This process is called PH buffering and is essential for dosing relatively clean bodies of water such as the water found in tanks or tap water.
POWER CONSUMPTION
Provided below is a set of calculation tools to aid in Projecting the power consumption of our membrane based water treatment systems.
CHEMICAL DOSING
The set of calculation tools below can be used to to determine the correct dosing rates based of your Volume and water makeup.
OPERATING COSTS
Operators can use the set of calculation tools below to aid in projecting the operating costs of our media and membrane based water treatment systems.
PROCESS
Process calculations for water treatment applications can be helpful in determining the optimal perfomance settings for your system.
SIZING
Below is a set of calculation tools to aid in determining appropriate sized filters required of a given set of operational requirements.
CONVERSIONS
The conversion calculators below will convert between common water quality measurement units.
Molybdate Method
Salt Method
- Make an estimation of the system volume.
- Accurately measure the chloride concentration of the tower water. Call this “Chloride A.”
- Approximately 0.5 lb for every 1,000 gal of the estimated volume is needed to achieve a reasonable change in chlorides. Use ordinary table salt (not rock salt). A box of salt in the supermarket usu...
- Make an estimation of the system volume.
- Accurately measure the chloride concentration of the tower water. Call this “Chloride A.”
- Approximately 0.5 lb for every 1,000 gal of the estimated volume is needed to achieve a reasonable change in chlorides. Use ordinary table salt (not rock salt). A box of salt in the supermarket usu...
- Measure the amount of salt needed into a bucket by weighing 0.5 lb of salt for every 1,000 gal of estimated volume, using one 26-oz box for every 3,000 gal.
Solid Geometry Method
- Calculate the volume (in gallons) of water in the basin by measuring the dimensions -- length (L), width (W) and depth (D) -- of water in the basin in feet and use the following equation: Basin Vol...
- Calculate the volume (in gallons) of water in the various system pipes. If the pipe length (L, in feet) and diameter (D, in inches) are known, use the following equation to get the volume of …
- Calculate the volume (in gallons) of water in the basin by measuring the dimensions -- length (L), width (W) and depth (D) -- of water in the basin in feet and use the following equation: Basin Vol...
- Calculate the volume (in gallons) of water in the various system pipes. If the pipe length (L, in feet) and diameter (D, in inches) are known, use the following equation to get the volume of water...
- Add the basin and pipe volumes together to get the total volume of water in the system.
Sidebar: Guesstimating Volume
- For a system having only one cooling or pump loop, add a detectable material such as a dye or foam producer (such as a detergent) to the basin, then time how long it takes for the material to appea...
- No direct relationship exists between recirculation rate and volume. However, you can get a ballpark volume figure by multiplying the recirculation rate (gal/min) by 10.
- For a system having only one cooling or pump loop, add a detectable material such as a dye or foam producer (such as a detergent) to the basin, then time how long it takes for the material to appea...
- No direct relationship exists between recirculation rate and volume. However, you can get a ballpark volume figure by multiplying the recirculation rate (gal/min) by 10.
- The same holds true for tonnage and volume, but try the factor of 30 gal/ton of refrigeration.
- Minimally, get a basin volume, then estimate a percentage (+10 percent, +25 percent, +50 percent, etc.) for the piping volume based on an observation of the plant size.