What are the different types of racial discrimination?
Differential access to societal goods and resources. Institutional and individual discrimination can also reduce non-dominant groups’ access to a broad range of desirable goods and services. Medical care is one example. Discrimination can affect both access to care and the quality and intensity of medical treatment.
What is discrimination and differential treatment litigation?
May 21, 2013 · Employee or employer, an attorney can help get you the results you need. Differential treatment is happening all the time in Washington workplaces and across America. Some instances are so subtle that they blur the line between discrimination and an antiquated (but legal) company policy. To help you determine which side of the legal line your ...
Is differential treatment happening in your workplace?
Jan 01, 2008 · According to Loury, whereas earlier forms of discrimination primarily reflected explicit differences in the treatment of racial groups, contemporary forms of discrimination are more likely to be perpetuated through informal networks of opportunity that, though ostensibly race-neutral, systematically disadvantage members of historically excluded ...
What is discrimination?
People can experience racial discrimination in a variety of different ways. In its most overt form, racial discrimination can occur as a result of stereotyping, prejudice and bias. Racial discrimination also occurs in large measure through subtle forms of differential treatment. Prejudice and overt bias
What is differential treatment?
As you can see, differential treatment is something that is very specific to the company. That being said, there is usually a pattern (rather than a single instance) to differential treatment.
Should employers speak with an attorney in Washington?
On a similar thread, Washington employers should speak with an attorney to ensure that any policies they have in place do not run afoul of their legal obligation to treat employees equally. Employee or employer, an attorney can help get you the results you need.
Is "different" a good thing?
In a Washington employment law context, different is not usually a good thing. Different is an adjective most often used to show how certain employees are being treated differently because of something he or she cannot change about themselves.
Abstract
Persistent racial inequality in employment, housing, and a wide range of other social domains has renewed interest in the possible role of discrimination.
WHAT IS DISCRIMINATION?
According to its most simple definition, racial discrimination refers to unequal treatment of persons or groups on the basis of their race or ethnicity.
HOW CAN WE MEASURE DISCRIMINATION?
More than a century of social science interest in the question of discrimination has resulted in numerous techniques to isolate and identify its presence and to document its effects ( National Research Council 2004 ).
IS DISCRIMINATION STILL A PROBLEM?
Simple as it may be, one basic question that preoccupies the contemporary literature on discrimination centers around its continuing relevance.
WHAT CAUSES DISCRIMINATION?
Measuring the prevalence of discrimination is difficult; identifying its causes is far more so. Patterns of discrimination can be shaped by influences at many different levels, and the specific mechanisms at work are often difficult to observe.
CONCLUSION
Discrimination is not the only cause of racial disparities in the United States. Indeed, persistent inequality between racial and ethnic groups is the product of complex and multifaceted influences.
Footnotes
1 Dovidio & Gaertner (2000) also examined changes over time, comparing parallel data collected at two time points, 1989 and 1999. Although the level of self-reported prejudice declined significantly over the decade, the extent of discrimination did not change.
What is prejudice in the form of stereotypes?
Prejudice often begins in the form of a stereotype —that is, a negative belief about individuals based solely on their membership in a group, regardless of their individual characteristics. Stereotypes become overgeneralized and applied to all members of a group.
What are some stereotypes of various racial groups?
What are some stereotypes of various racial or ethnic groups? Research suggests cultural stereotypes for Asian Americans include cold, sly, and intelligent; for Latinos, cold and unintelligent; for European Americans, cold and intelligent; and for African Americans, aggressive, athletic, and more likely to be law breakers (Devine & Elliot, 1995; Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002; Sommers & Ellsworth, 2000; Dixon & Linz, 2000).
What is ageism?
Ageism. People often form judgments and hold expectations about people based on their age. These judgments and expectations can lead to ageism, or prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based solely on their age. Typically, ageism occurs against older adults, but ageism also can occur toward younger adults.
Why do prejudices persist in society?
Prejudice and discrimination persist in society due to social learning and conformity to social norms. Children learn prejudiced attitudes and beliefs from society: their parents, teachers, friends, the media, and other sources of socialization, such as Facebook (O’Keeffe & Clarke-Pearson, 2011).
What is prejudice in social studies?
Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who are members of an unfamiliar cultural group.
What is the result of holding negative beliefs (stereotypes) and negative attitudes (prejudice) about
As a result of holding negative beliefs (stereotypes) and negative attitudes (prejudice) about a particular group, people often treat the target of prejudice poorly, such as excluding older adults from their circle of friends. [link] summarizes the characteristics of stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination.
What are the causes of human conflict?
Human conflict can result in crime, war, and mass murder, such as genocide. Prejudice and discrimination often are root causes of human conflict, which explains how strangers come to hate one another to the extreme of causing others harm. Prejudice and discrimination affect everyone. In this section we will examine the definitions ...
What is hostile work environment?
Hostile Work Environment: Hostile work environments exist when harassment or discrimination prevents or interferes with an employee’s ability to perform his or her job duties or creates an offensive environment for an employee or group of employees.
What happens if you believe you were discriminated against by an employer?
If you believe you were discriminated against by an employer or prospective employer based on any number of personally identifying factors, you have the right to take legal action against that employer and obtain the justice you deserve.
What are some examples of discrimination?
Examples of employment discrimination include: Suggesting or stating a desire for traits in a job advertisement that are unrelated to a potential employee’s qualifications or ability ...
What does "unrelated to job" mean?
Suggesting or stating a desire for traits in a job advertisement that are unrelated to a potential employee’s qualifications or ability to perform the expected duties. Excluding certain employees during recruitment for reasons unrelated to their job skills.
Is discrimination based on pregnancy illegal?
Pregnancy-Based Discrimination: Discrimination based on pregnancy is also illegal and employers must handle the issue of pregnancy as they would handle a temporary illness or other non-permanent condition that calls for special consideration.
Can discrimination occur in the workplace?
In the workplace, employment discrimination can occur even before a person works for an organization or company. Both employees and job applicants can be treated unfairly due to race, skin color, national origin, gender, disability, ...
Do employees have to be religious to receive the same benefits?
Employees, regardless of age, must receive the same benefits. Religious Discrimination: Employers are must reasonably accommodate their employees' religious beliefs as long as doing so will not excessively negative affect the employer.
What is discrimination in a group?
Discrimination is any form of unjustifiable, negative behaviour towards the members of a group – not motivated by any particular deservingness or reciprocity, but solely based on their involvement with the group. These negative behaviours can include both actions against, and judgements/decisions about group members.
How does discrimination prevent people from learning?
Intentional, explicit discrimination, in many ways, prevents individuals from learning. Segregation leads to particular groups of people being blatantly denied accesses to an education. Even less extreme, or even subtle forms of discrimination (such as verbal antagonism and avoidance) are likely to discourage individuals from learning all ...
Why is discrimination a phenomenon?
It states that in order to protect their self-esteem, and to achieve a positive and distinct social identity, individuals may turn to discrimination (most often in the form of either direct harm to members of another group, or by giving preferential treatment to their own group; a phenomenon referred to as “ingroup bias”).
What is system justification?
System Justification Theory is based on the finding that low-status groups in unequal social systems have a tendency to internalize a sense of personal or collective inferiority. It argues that the need for positive distinctiveness in order to promote self-esteem proposed by social identity theory is related (positively or negatively depending on your status) to the belief in the fairness of the involved social systems. For high-status groups, the justification of their actions through their desire to promote self-esteem correlates to the belief that the system is just, and that their high-status is a reward for their worthiness. For low-status groups, the belief in the fairness of the system can lead them to view discrimination as deserved punishment for their unworthiness (which explains why unjust, discriminatory behaviour is often perpetuated and tolerated).
What is the purpose of the Bias map?
The BIAS (Behaviours from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes) Map offers insights into the specific ways that individuals discriminate against members of particular types of groups. It suggests that the relative status and competitiveness of a group will determine the content of warmth and competence in the stereotypes attributed to its members. The warmth dimension of these stereotypes is said to predict active behavioural tendencies towards the group, while the competence dimension is said to predict more passive behaviours.
What does it mean when you hear discrimination?
Most commonly, when people hear the word “discrimination”, the first thoughts that come to mind are of explicit, direct hostility from an individual in one group to member (s) of another. However, discrimination can involve more than just direct behaviour; it can also be subtle and unconscious. Furthermore, discrimination can occur as a result of overall assumptions made about particular groups of people, or as a result of institutional procedures. Thus, there are several different types of discrimination.
What are the steps of Allport's Scale of Prejudice and Discrimination?
Commonly referred to as Allport’s Scale of Prejudice and Discrimination, the steps he described were: verbal antagonism, avoidance, segregation, physical attack, and extermination. Verbal Antagonism: Verbal Antagonism includes verbal denunciations such as casual racial slurs and disparaging racial comments ...
Scenarios of Differential Treatment That Might Be Unlawful
Types of Differential Treatment That Are Not Illegal
- There are some cases in which differential treatment at your work is lawful. For example, if your employer treats you poorly because of your job performance, that is not unlawful. Employers are allowed to treat workers differently based on their individual job performance and can discipline and reward them differently based on that. It is also not unlawful for an employer to treat an em…
Treatment That Is Discriminatory in Nature
- When your employer treats workers differently because of their protected characteristics, the differential treatment is discriminatory and illegal. Some of the protected characteristics include the following: 1. Race 2. Color 3. National origin 4. Age 5. Gender 6. Disability 7. Pregnancy status 8. Sexual orientation Under federal and state anti-discrimination laws, employers are prohibited f…
What Can You Do If You Have Received Discriminatory Treatment?
- When employers treat workers differently because of their protected characteristics, the actions of the employer are illegal. Employees who have been the victims of workplace discrimination can file discrimination charges with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or the state’s corresponding agency. Once a charge has been filed, the EEOC will investigate it. If the employe…