What are the different types of chiller plants?
Different chiller types have different strengths and by careful selection of chiller plant design, these strengths can be optimized. Most large plants consist of centrifugal water cooled chillers. Hybrid plants (discussed in Hybrid Plants, page 66) may also include absorption chillers.
Is water treatment necessary in a chiller plant?
All the lines are either carrying either cold water or chilled water. Both the water circuits are closed in nature; hence the justification for chiller water treatments is often questioned. People who question this cite examples of many chiller plants running well for years without using water treatment.
What are the important parts of chilled water air conditioning plant?
All the important parts of the chilled water air conditioning plant are shown in the above figure and described in detail below: The plant room comprises of all the important components of the chilled water air conditioning plant. These include the compressor, condenser, thermostatic expansion valve and the evaporator or the chiller.
What are the different types of chiller water treatments?
Chiller Water Treatments – the Why and How of Closed Loop Chilled Water Treatment Systems 1 Chiller Water Circuit. The above picture is showing the chiller circuit in simplified form. All the lines are either... 2 Available Water Treatment Methods. Chemical treatment (or dosing): Proprietary (like NALCOOL) or generic chemicals (like... More ...
How Chilled Water Systems Work?
A chilled water system can be separated into water-cooled and air-cooled. Water-cooled chilled water systems are larger and more efficient than air-cooled chilled water systems.
Chilled Water System Delta T
One of the elements that determine the efficiency of chilled water systems is delta T or the difference between the chilled water supply and return temperature.
Chilled Water Piping System
As mentioned earlier, a chilled water system can be separated into the chilled water loop and the condenser loop.
Common Applications of the Chilled Water System
A chilled water system is commonly found in commercial buildings such as hotels, offices, skyscrapers, shopping malls, airports, train interchange stations, universities and factories.
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What is a water cooled chiller?
A water-cooled chiller is designed specifically to remove heat from a cooling system and transfer that heat elsewhere. Water-cooled chillers have inherent advantages to air-cooled chillers. These advantages make them a better choice for providing chilled water in many circumstances. Water-cooled chillers have similar components to air-cooled ...
How efficient is a water chiller?
A properly designed and implemented water-cooled chiller plant is typically more efficient than other chiller-plant options, whenever there is water availability . One study of the efficiencies of real central chilled water plants in California concluded that water-cooled chiller plants achieved substantial energy savings, over 60% in certain cases. The same study showed significant operational savings, over $100,000 per year in the case study. We measured the efficiency of a chiller by its coefficient of performance (COP). The COP is the ratio of refrigeration performance to the electrical energy used to produce it. Water-cooled chillers are very efficient, since they require little electrical energy to produce large amounts of refrigeration energy, translating to a high COP. Water-cooled chillers may require additional pumps or equipment that uses electrical energy, so to determine the expected efficiency of an industrial water chiller in your plant the professionals at ARANER perform a full lifecycle analysis. The above mentioned intuitive, networked controls also contribute to the overall efficiency of a water-cooled chiller. Operators can easily control the temperature of chilled water using these controls. There may be times, such as part-load conditions, when increasing the temperature of chilled water may lead to less work and, therefore, increased efficiency . A rule of thumb is a 1-2% increase in efficiency per degree Celsius of temperature increase. So, increasing the water temperature and slightly increasing inside air temps automatically during off-hours could cause increased efficiency. The intuitive controls allow operators to make other adjustments over time, which could lead to additional increases in overall efficiency.
What are the advantages of a water chiller?
Advantages of an Industrial Water Chiller. Water-cooled chillers offer several advantages to air-cooled chillers, which make them an ideal consideration for direct cooling plants mainly when a continuous water source is available. They’re ideal for retrofit projects or those with space constraints as water-cooled chillers typically have ...
Can you use a water cooled chiller for direct cooling?
Another key advantage of a water-cooled chiller goes back to its size, should you have added needs for chilling it may be possible to use a single, centralized water-cooled chiller to deliver these needs and chilled water for direct cooling. Ideal applications might be District Cooling and Heating, Data Centers, Pharmaceuticals, and more.
What is the most widely used method of water treatment?
Available Water Treatment Methods. Although chemical dosing is the most widely used method, to make the chemical treatment effective, it is recommended that more than one of the following methods should be used simultaneously in order to obtain the maximum benefits:
What is a dosing pump?
Dosing pumps are used for applying the predetermined quantities of chemicals at regular intervals. Mechanical Treatment: Before commissioning, the whole system should be cleaned and flushed using treated water and commission it as soon as possible. Attend all the leaking points regularly.
What are the two types of central air conditioning systems?
There are two types of central air conditioning systems: Direct Expansion (DX) type of central air condition plants and Chilled Water type of the central air conditioning plants. In this series of articles both these plants and air handling units have been described.
What is the name of the chiller that carries water along the shell side?
If the water flows along tube side and the refrigerant along the shell side, it is called as the flooded chiller . The water chilled in the chiller is pumped to various parts of the building that are to be air conditioned.
How does water get chilled in a chiller?
It enters the air handling unit, cools the air in cooling coil, absorbs the heat and returns back to the plant room to get chilled again. The amount of water passing into the chiller is controlled by the flow switch.
How cold is water in a water plant?
In chilled water plants, the ordinary water or brine solution is chilled to very low temperatures of about 6 to 8 degree Celsius by the refrigeration plant. This chilled water is pumped to various floors of the building and its different parts. In each of these parts the air handling units are installed, which comprise of the cooling coil, ...
What is a plant room?
The plant room comprises of all the important components of the chilled water air conditioning plant. These include the compressor, condenser, thermostatic expansion valve and the evaporator or the chiller. The compressor is of open type and can be driven by the motor directly or by the belt via pulley arrangement connected to the motor.
What are the parameters of a chilled water loop?
There are two parameters that need to be considered for the chilled water loop. These are temperature and flow . The loop supply temperature is usually controlled at the chiller. The unit controller on the chiller will monitor and maintain the supply chilled water temperature (within its capacity range). The accuracy to which the chiller can maintain the setpoint is based on the chiller type, controller quality (a DDC controller with a PID loop is the best), compressor cycle times, the volume of fluid in the system, etc. Systems with fast changing loads (especially process loads) and small fluid volumes (close coupled) require special consideration.
Why do you need two chillers?
To provide some redundancy in the HVAC design, most designers will require two or more chillers. Multiple chillers also offer the opportunity to improve on overall system part load performance and reduce energy consumption. Parallel chiller plants are straightforward to design and are easily modified for variable primary flow.
How does a low flow rate affect a chiller?
In fact, more energy efficient solutions can be found by modifying the design conditions, as the project requires. Changing the chilled water flow rate affects a specific chiller's performance. Too low a flow rate lowers the chiller efficiency and ultimately leads to laminar flow.
Why is the lift on a chiller 2 lower?
Now chiller- 2 sees a lower lift because the discharge pressure has been reduced as a result of the lower condenser water temperatures. The chiller lifts are almost balanced which will always provide the best refrigeration performance.
How does chilled water work?
The chilled water flows through the evaporator of the chiller. The evaporator is a heat exchanger where the chilled water gives up its sensible heat (the water temperature drops) and transfers the heat to the refrigerant as latent energy (the refrigerant evaporates or boils).
Do you need a cooling tower for a water cooled chiller?
Cooling towers are used in conjunction with water-cooled chillers. Air-cooled chillers do not require cooling towers. A cooling tower rejects the heat collected from the building plus the work of compression from the chiller. There are two common forms used in the HVAC industry: induced draft and forced draft. Induced draft towers have a large propeller fan at the top of the tower (discharge end) to draw air counterflow to the water. They require much smaller fan motors for the same capacity than forced draft towers. Induced draft towers are considered to be less susceptible to recirculation, which can result in reduced performance.
Is condenser water biological?
Condenser water has all the right ingredients for biological growth; it is warm, exposed to air and provides surfaces to grow on. In addition, the constant water loss makes water treatment even more difficult. Both chemical and ozone-based treatment systems are used. A thorough discussion on the topic of water treatment is beyond the scope of this Guide but it suffices to say, that it is necessary to provide the proper operation of both the tower and the chiller.
How Does The Water-Cooled Chiller Work?
- A water-cooled chiller uses the refrigeration process you may be familiar with from other cooling equipment. The refrigerant vapor is used to chill process water in the evaporator and then the vapor enters the compressor of the chiller. Similarly, to an air-cooled chiller, the compressor increases the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant, pu...
Advantages of An Industrial Water Chiller
- Water-cooled chillers offer several advantages to air-cooled chillers, which make them an ideal consideration for direct cooling plants mainly when a continuous water source is available. They’re ideal for retrofit projects or those with space constraints as water-cooled chillers typically have a smaller footprint. Water-cooled chillers operate better at higher dry bulb air temperatures …
Multiple Cooling Uses, A Single Chiller
- Another key advantage of a water-cooled chiller goes back to its size, should you have added needs for chilling it may be possible to use a single, centralized water-cooled chiller to deliver these needs and chilled water for direct cooling. Ideal applications might be District Cooling and Heating, Data Centers, Pharmaceuticals, and more. Combining these processes with producing …
Efficiency of The Industrial Water Chiller
- A properly designed and implemented water-cooled chiller plant is typically more efficient than other chiller-plant options, whenever there is water availability. One study of the efficiencies of real central chilled water plants in California concluded that water-cooled chiller plants achieved substantial energy savings, over 60% in certain cases. The same study showed significant opera…
Conclusion
- Water-cooled chillers are a viable option for many chilling projects and are highly efficient, whenever there is water available. Whether you are planning a new chilled water plant or renovating an existing plant, ARANER can help. We are a leader in water-cooled chillers providing chilled water for District Cooling and other uses. ARANER considers the unique aspects of your …