FDA-Approved HIV Medicines
| Drug Class | Generic Name (Other names and acronyms) | Brand Name | FDA Approval Date |
| NRTIs block reverse transcriptase, an en ... | abacavir (abacavir sulfate, ABC) | Ziagen | December 17, 1998 |
| NRTIs block reverse transcriptase, an en ... | emtricitabine (FTC) | Emtriva | July 2, 2003 |
| NRTIs block reverse transcriptase, an en ... | lamivudine (3TC) | Epivir | November 17, 1995 |
How many HIV drugs are available?
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved more than 30 HIV medicines to treat HIV infection. Browse the seven HIV drug classes and links here. What to Start: Choosing an HIV Treatment Regimen | NIH Skip to main content COVID-19 Get the latest public health information from CDC Get the latest research information from NIH | Español
What are the different types of HIV drugs?
The seven HIV drug classes are: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) Protease inhibitors (PIs) Fusion inhibitors CCR5 antagonists Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) Post-attachment inhibitors
What is the initial HIV treatment regimen?
A person's initial HIV treatment regimen generally includes three HIV medicines from at least two different HIV drug classes. The following table lists HIV medicines recommended for the treatment of HIV infection in the United States, based on the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) HIV/AIDS medical practice guidelines.
How many antiretroviral drugs have been approved by the FDA?
As of 2020, the FDA has approved 222 Antiretroviral Drugs for Global HIV/AIDS Relief Expands treatment for people in countries that lack the tools needed to fight the AIDS epidemic
What are the 7 classes of HIV drugs?
Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)Abacavir, or ABC (Ziagen)Didanosine, or ddl (Videx)Emtricitabine, or FTC (Emtriva)Lamivudine, or 3TC (Epivir)Stavudine, or d4T (Zerit)Tenofovir alafenamide, or TAF (Vemlidy)Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, or TDF (Viread)Zidovudine or ZDV (Retrovir)
What are the 6 classes of HIV drugs?
These drugs are distributed into six distinct classes based on their molecular mechanism and resistance profiles: (1) nucleoside-analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), (2) non–nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), (3) integrase inhibitors, (4) protease inhibitors (PIs), (5) fusion inhibitors, ...
How many classes of antiretrovirals are there?
There are six main types ('classes') of antiretroviral drugs. Each class of drug attacks HIV in a different way. Generally, drugs from two (or sometimes three) classes are combined to ensure a powerful attack on HIV.
What are the five classes of Arvs?
Classes of antiretroviral agents include the following:Nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)Protease inhibitors (PIs)Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)Fusion inhibitors.CCR5 co-receptor antagonists (entry inhibitors)HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors.
What are the three classes of antiviral drugs?
Antiviral drugs can be classified according to their chemical nature (e.g., small-molecules, peptides, biologics) or mechanisms of drug actions against specific viral proteins (e.g., polymerase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, glycoprotein inhibitors).
What are the classes of HAART?
Most HAART regimens include drugs from at least two of the three classes of antiretroviral therapy (nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors, non-nucleoside analog RT inhibitors, and protease inhibitors).
How many antiviral drugs are there?
The development of antiviral drugs is a very complex process. Currently, around 50 drugs have been approved for human use against viruses such as HSV, HIV-1, the cytomegalo virus, the influenza virus, HBV and HCV.
What antiretroviral drugs have been discontinued?
While several new antiretroviral drugs have been added to the treatment arsenal since 2010, older ones like Crixivan (indinavir), Invirase (saquinavir), Rescriptor (delavirdine), Videx (didanosine), Viracept (nelfinavir), and Zerit (stavudine) have been discontinued and are no longer in use. An Overview of HIV Treatment.
What is the purpose of antiretroviral drugs?
Latesha Elopre, MD, MSPH. on May 20, 2021. Ridofranz / Getty Images. Antiretroviral drugs are used to treat HIV infection. They work by blocking a stage of the virus's life cycle and, by doing so, prevent the virus from replicating.
What is the name of the drug that blocks reverse transcriptase?
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) also block reverse transcriptase but in a different way. Rather than attaching to viral DNA like NRTIs do, NNRTIs bind directly to the enzyme, blocking its action.
How many FDC drugs are there?
Some FDC drugs are used with other antiretroviral agents. Others are entirely used on their own. Of the 22 FDC drugs approved for use in the United States, 14 are all-in-one treatments taken once daily. Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC) Drugs. Brand Name.
What is the drug class for HIV?
By doing so, HIV can begin to churn out multiple copies of itself. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) block the action of reverse transcriptase and so prevent the replication of the virus. DRUG CLASS: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) Brand Name. Generic Name.
What enzyme is used to replicate HIV?
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. In order for HIV to replicate, it uses an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to translate its viral RNA into double-stranded DNA, which is then integrated into the nucleus of the host cell to "hijack" its genetic machinery.
What is a pharmacokinetic enhancer?
Pharmacokinetic Enhancers. Also called HIV boosters, these drugs are used to "boost" the concentration of protease inhibitors in the bloodstream. Without them, the concentration of the accompanying PI would quickly fall beneath the therapeutic level, providing the virus an opportunity to replicate.
What are the disparities in HIV treatment?
There are numerous disparities in HIV treatment and care among certain subpopulations in the U.S. For example, CDC’s report on monitoring indicates that African Americans living with diagnosed HIV infection have percentages of linkage to care and viral suppression that are lower than whites and far below national goals.
How much of HIV can be prevented?
CDC has found that more than 90 percent of new HIV infections could be averted by diagnosing people living with HIV and ensuring they receive prompt, ongoing care and treatment.
What is the HIV rate in 2020?
By 2020, the Strategy aims to increase the percentage of newly diagnosed persons linked to HIV medical care within one month of their HIV diagnosis to at least 85 percent ; increase the percentage of persons with diagnosed HIV infection who are retained in HIV medical care by at least 90 percent ; and increase the percentage of persons with diagnosed HIV infection who are virally suppressed to at least 80 percent. Further, the Strategy’s targets include reducing the percentage of persons in HIV medical care who are homeless to no more than 5 percent, and reducing the death rate among persons with diagnosed HIV infection by at least 33 percent.
How does ART help HIV?
When used consistently, antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce the amount of virus in the blood and body fluids to very low or undetectable levels (known as viral suppression). As a result, people living with HIV who start ART early, remain on treatment, and achieve and maintain viral suppression can stay healthy and live a near-normal lifespan.
How many people die from HIV each year?
When people with HIV do not receive the treatment and care they need, the disease worsens and eventually progresses to AIDS. Today, nearly 13,000 people with AIDS in the United States die each year. People with HIV who have not achieved viral suppression also remain at risk of transmitting the virus to others.
What are the roles of federal agencies in HIV care?
Federal agencies play a variety of roles in supporting HIV care and treatment for people living with HIV in the United States. Some deliver HIV clinical services, others help pay for HIV care and treatment, while others provide housing, training, employment, or income supports that assist people living with HIV to remain in care ...
How does early HIV treatment help?
The Strategy calls for a concerted national effort to improve health outcomes for people living with HIV by establishing seamless systems to link people to treatment and care immediately after diagnosis. The Strategy also calls for efforts to support maintenance in care; increase the capacity of health and social support systems; and increase the number and diversity of professionals who provide clinical care and related services to those with HIV. Further, the Strategy supports comprehensive, patient-centered care for people living with HIV, including addressing co-occurring health conditions and challenges in meeting basic needs, such as housing, which can cause individuals to leave care and treatment.
