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1. Drumstick Leaves...
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3. Blackstrap Molasses...
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5. Vitamin C...
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7. Figs...
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1. Inculde Beetroot in Your Diet...
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3. Eat Fermented Foods...
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7. Eat a Concoction of Sesame Seeds...
8. Chow Down on Dates...
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1. Beetroot-Apple Juice...
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7. Parsley...
Learn More...What was the first treatment for pernicious anemia?
Treating Pernicious Anaemia. Until the 1920’s people who were diagnosed with Pernicious Anaemia died, often after many years of suffering. The first treatments used liver therapy. Patients were fed raw, or very lightly cooked liver several times a day. The liver could be fried, grilled or made into liver drinks.
What is geraniol used for in skin care?
It is mainly used to improve the scent of skincare and cosmetic formulations. However, geraniol has been linked with sensitivity in some people. Geraniol is a terpene alcohol that naturally occurs in the essential oils of several aromatic plants.
How is hemolytic anemia treated?
Managing hemolytic anemias includes avoiding suspect medications, treating infections and taking drugs that suppress your immune system, which could be attacking your red blood cells. Severe hemolytic anemia generally needs ongoing treatment.
What is the treatment for sickle cell anemia?
Doctors might also recommend blood transfusions, folic acid supplements and antibiotics. A cancer drug called hydroxyurea (Droxia, Hydrea, Siklos) also is used to treat sickle cell anemia. Thalassemia. Most forms of thalassemia are mild and require no treatment.
What is geraniol used for?
Geraniol is produced by the scent glands of honeybees to mark nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives. It is also commonly used as an insect repellent, especially for mosquitoes.
Is geraniol carcinogenic?
A significant reduction in the number of tumors and their volume was observed, which may result from the inhibitory effect of geraniol on phase I enzymes and thus blocking the bioactivation of 4NQO to 4HAQO, which is carcinogenic [9].
Is geraniol toxic?
Formulations are usually significantly less toxic than the active ingredients. Geraniol is a moderate skin irritant and can cause allergies. Exposed to air, its oxidation products are more irritant and allergenic. Otherwise geraniol is considered as rather safe for humans, domestic animals and the environment.
What is geraniol and is it safe?
Geraniol is a safe and effective, natural origin, Biocide active ingredient. Researchers have recently found geraniol is a natural and effective repellent to use in biocidal products to protect humans and animals from microorganisms and insects.
What contains geraniol?
Geraniol is a monoterpene that is found within many essential oils of fruits, vegetables, and herbs including rose oil, citronella, lemongrass, lavender, and other aromatic plants. It is emitted from the flowers of many species of plant and is commonly used by the food, fragrance, and cosmetic industry.
What is geraniol and linalool?
Abstract. Aim: Geraniol and linalool are major constituents of the essential oils of medicinal plants. Materials & methods: Antifungal activity of geraniol and linalool were evaluated against five Candida species.
Is geraniol an oil?
Geraniol is a colorless or pale yellow oily liquid with a sweet rose scent. It is derived from various essential oils, such as rose oil or citronella oil, and it is the principal constituent of geranium oil.
Is geraniol safe for pregnancy?
According to Engelman, avoid ingredients labeled parfum, perfume, linalool, limonene, eugenol, citronellol, geraniol or cinnamal, which indicate that fragrance is added.
What is the treatment for hemolytic anemia?
Sickle cell anemia. Treatment might include oxygen, pain relievers, and oral and intravenous fluids to reduce pain and prevent complications. Doctors might also recommend blood transfusions, folic acid supplements and antibiotics.
How to treat iron deficiency?
Iron deficiency anemia. Treatment for this form of anemia usually involves taking iron supplements and changing your diet. If the cause of iron deficiency is loss of blood — other than from menstruation — the source of the bleeding must be located and the bleeding stopped. This might involve surgery. Vitamin deficiency anemias.
What is the treatment for thalassemia?
Most forms of thalassemia are mild and require no treatment. More severe forms of thalassemia generally require blood transfusions, folic acid supplements, medication, removal of the spleen, or a blood and bone marrow stem cell transplant.
Why do you need a bone marrow transplant?
You might need a bone marrow transplant if your bone marrow can't make healthy blood cells. Anemias associated with bone marrow disease. Treatment of these various diseases can include medication, chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation. Hemolytic anemias.
What is the treatment for folic acid deficiency?
This might involve surgery. Vitamin deficiency anemias. Treatment for folic acid and vitamin C deficiency involves dietary supplements and increasing these nutrients in your diet. If your digestive system has trouble absorbing vitamin B-12 from the food you eat, you might need vitamin B-12 shots.
What is CBC in anemia?
A CBC is used to count the number of blood cells in a sample of your blood . For anemia, your doctor will be interested in the levels of the red blood cells contained in your blood (hematocrit) and the hemoglobin in your blood. Normal adult hematocrit values vary among medical practices but are generally between 40% and 52% for men and 35% ...
Can anemia be treated?
Anemia of chronic disease . There's no specific treatment for this type of anemia. Doctors focus on treating the underlying disease. If symptoms become severe, a blood transfusion or injections of a synthetic hormone normally produced by your kidneys (erythropoietin) might help stimulate red blood cell production and ease fatigue.
What is geraniol used for?
It is believed that geraniol and other monoterpenes, when used in sub-lethal doses, excites insect receptors , disrupting the host odor profile, repelling the insects.
What is the transitional regime?
The transitional regime is defined by Article 89 of Regulation ( EU) No 528/2012: it is the period of time during which the making available on the market and use of biocidal products are governed by the national provisions in force in each Member State, pending approval of all the active substances they contain at European level. When all of a product’s active substances have been approved, the transitional regime no longer applies and this product must be authorised in accordance with the BPR.
Is Geraniol a single active ingredient?
Finally, the use of geraniol as a single active ingredient versus use with other compounds may be a factor in its efficacy. One study points to geraniol as a component of essential oils and hypothesizes that a synergistic effect with other components explains the strong performance of citronella essential oil versus geraniol alone (Deletre et al. 2016). However, other studies found that geraniol as a single active ingredient out-performed citronella in repellency (Müller et al. 2008a; Müller et al. 2008b). It must then be left up to the developers of insecticides and repellents to test and use geraniol alone or in combination with other compounds.
When did biocidal products become available in the EU?
Since September 1, 2015, a biocidal product cannot be made available on the EU market unless either the substance supplier or the product supplier is included in the Article 95 list for the Product Type to which the product belongs.
Is geraniol biodegradable?
Geraniol has a low mammalian toxicity and is biodegradable. It has been extensively tested and found effective against several species of mosquitoes, moths, dog and cat fleas, head-lice and, ticks, as well as poultry red mites. Geraniol has been marketed and used as the active ingredient in candles, Impregnated polymers, diffusers, aerosols, ...
Can Geraniol be used as a repellent?
How the use of geraniol as a repellent and an insecticide can help win the battle against crawling and flying insects
Is geraniol effective for use in biocidal products?
To date, many products and efficacy claims have been made demonstrating that Geraniol is an attractive Biocide active ingredient. Geraniol meets all of the criteria listed above.
What is Geraniol?
Geraniol is a naturally derived fragrance that is derived from plants such as rose, geranium and citronella. It is mainly used to improve the scent of skincare and cosmetic formulations. However, geraniol has been linked with sensitivity in some people.
Why is geraniol used in transdermal delivery?
In fact, geraniol and other terpenes are used to improve transdermal drug delivery because they are reported to have good toxicological profiles, high percutaneous enhancement abilities, and negligible skin irritancy at low concentrations.
What is geraniol in essential oils?
Geraniol is a terpene alcohol that naturally occurs in the essential oils of several aromatic plants. Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds produced by a variety of plants. They often have a strong scent and may protect the plants that produce them by deterring herbivores and by attracting predators and parasites of herbivores.
Why is Geraniol banned in fragrances?
Based on this evaluation, an International Fragrance Association Standard has been established which restricts the use of geraniol in fragrances because of potential sensitization. In addition, geraniol is listed on the European Union’s 26 fragrance allergens that must be identified on cosmetic and detergent product labels.
How much geraniol is produced in the world?
Geraniol is generally synthetically produced, with global production exceeding 1,000 metric tons per year it is not environementally sustainable to extract it from natural sources.
Where does Geraniol come from?
It also occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. Furthermore, geraniol is produced by the scent glands of honeybees to mark nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives.
Is Geraniol a fragrance?
Geraniol has a characteristic rose-like scent, which is why it functions as a fragrance ingredient in a variety of cosmetics and personal care products. A survey of consumer products revealed that it is present in 76% of investigated deodorants on the European market, included in 41% of domestic and household products, ...
What is geraniol in plants?
Geraniol is an acyclic isoprenoid monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of aromatic plants including <i>Cinnamomum tenuipilum, Valeriana officinalis</i>, and several other plants. The limited source of geraniol from plant isolation cannot fulfill the great demand from the flavor and fragrance …
What is the PMID for Geraniol?
PMID: 26165751. Geraniol, a natural monoterpene, ameliorates hyperglycemia by attenuating the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Is geraniol a monoterpene?
Geraniol is an acyclic isoprenoid monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of aromatic plants including Cinnamomum tenuipilum, Valeriana officinalis, and several other plants. The limited source of geraniol from plant isolation cannot fulfill the great demand from the flavor and fragrance industries, which require maximizing geraniol production through biotechnology processes. The diverse activities of geraniol suggested that geraniol could treat various diseases as a promising drug candidate. In order to evaluate the potential of geraniol applied in a clinical trial, this review aims at providing a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological effects of geraniol. The publications retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Wiley databases were collected and summarized for the last 6 years. Then, the potential application of geraniol as a drug is discussed based on its pharmacological properties, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antimicrobial activities, and hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Hence, this review aims at providing evidence of the pharmacological activities of geraniol in the context of further development as a drug candidate in clinical application.
Introduction
The discovery of penicillin is hailed as one of the greatest inventions, it protects human health to a great extent. As more and more antibiotics are developed, it was no longer limited to the treatment of human diseases. Antibiotics are widely used for disease prevention and growth promotion in conventional livestock and poultry production.
Materials and Methods
Specific pathogen-free (SPF) strains of both male and female KM mice (weight: 20 ± 2 g) were obtained from the Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Chengdu Medical College, China. The animals were housed in cages (five animals of the same sex per cage) in ambient temperature (25 ± 2°C) and relative humidity (50 ± 10%).
Results
Geraniol administered via IM route and gavage showed efficiencies in preventing MRSA infection in vivo (Figures 1 and 2) in dose-dependent manners. At doses 0.149 g/kg (IM) and 0.810 g/kg (gavage), the survival rate of the MRSA-infected mice was 100%. By Karber’s method, the ED 50 was calculated to be 0.030 g/kg (IM) and 0.197 g/kg (gavage).
Discussion
Now antibiotics are not only used to treat infectious diseases, it was sometimes given to food animals at low doses in order to promote faster growth.
Conclusions
Our study implicates that geraniol exhibits strong preventive potential against MRSA-induced oxidative and inflammatory events in the lung while no apparent histopathological abnormalities were observed in the livers and the kidneys.
Acknowledgments
This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970137), the Open Research Subject of Key Laboratory (Research Base) of Food Biotechnology (szjj2015-011), the Sichuan Provincial Department of Education (16ZB0285), the Scientific Research Fund of Chengdu Medical College (CYZ15-02), the Chunhui Plan of Ministry of Education of China (Z2016120), the Bidding Project of the Pension and Elderly Health Cooperative Innovation Center of Sichuan province (YLZBZ1806), the science and technology project of the health planning committee of Sichuan (19PJ032), the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2020JDRC0071), supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2021YJ0158)..
Disclosure
Min Dai and Fenghui Sun are co-correspondence authors for this study. The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
What causes anemia in CKD?
Several factors contribute to causing anemia in CKD. A primary cause is relative erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency. In CKD, serum EPO concentrations are generally normal or slightly increased, but are inappropriately low for the degree of anemia 7 ( Figure 1 ). Other contributors to CKD-related anemia include uremic inhibitors, inflammation, shortened red blood cell survival, and nutritional deficiencies, such as vitamin B 12 2 ( Table 1 ).
What is anemia in CKD?
Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), first identified in 1836 by Sir Richard Bright who noted a fading of the “healthy colors of the countenance” among patients with kidney disease. 1 In late kidney disease, anemia is a pervasive problem that can cause a variety of uncomfortable symptoms, making it one of the most important problems treated in CKD.
How long does it take for ESA to work?
This patient should respond to ESA therapy within 2 to 3 months, as ∼90% of CKD patients have an adequate response. We would measure the Hb monthly, and adjust the epoetin dose to maintain his Hb between 10 and 11 g/dL. ESA treatment will draw down iron stores, and, therefore, we check TSAT and ferritin levels approximately every 6 months. If these tests suggest ID, or if the response to ESA fades, oral or IV iron is given. In our experience, we give IV iron to ESA-treated nondialysis CKD patients once every 12 to 24 months.
Does inflammation cause anemia?
The role of inflammation is increasingly appreciated as a major factor in CKD-related anemia and complicat es diagnosis of iron deficiency (ID). 8,9 Inflammation results in increased hepatic production of the hAMP gene encoded protein, hepcidin, 10 and increased serum ferritin, not only an indicator of iron storage but also another acute-phase reactant. 11 Hepcidin is filtered and cleared by the kidney, and therefore CKD appears to contribute to higher hepcidin levels in CKD. 12 Hepcidin blocks intestinal iron absorption and traps iron within reticuloendothelial system macrophages. The net effect is to limit the availability of iron for active erythropoiesis 13 ( Figure 2 ). Other contributors to anemia in CKD include increased intestinal blood loss and hyperparathyroidism. Consequently, the pathobiology of anemia in CKD is increasingly viewed as multifactorial.
Does anemia cause fatigue?
Anemia of CKD has long been considered the cause of many symptoms that occur with diminishing renal function, including fatigue, decreased strength and stamina, and increased dyspnea with exertion. This is almost certainly true when severe anemia is present. Finkelstein et al found a strong association of higher Hb to several higher physical-functioning quality-of-life (QoL) parameters in patients with CKD stage 3, 4, and 5. 20,21 Many people perceive that anemia causes fatigue, cold intolerance, and lack of stamina. Despite this general perception, randomized trial data confirming that these symptoms resolve or improve with anemia treatment have been relatively weak and absent, or have methodological issues such as lack of blinding.
Is IV iron needed for CKD?
Oral iron is the preferred route of administration in nondialysis CKD. Trials comparing oral iron to IV iron in stable CKD patients have found comparable improvements in Hb. 16,17 If oral iron is not tolerated or a more rapid Hb response is needed, 1 to 1.5 g of IV iron are usually administered. Use of an ESA, such as epoetin, is considered for patients with Hb values <10 g/dL despite adequate iron stores or a trial of iron. In contrast, in hemodialysis, IV iron is usually required due to lack of efficacy of oral iron. 18,19
Does hepcidin affect iron availability?
Progressively increased hepcidin levels in CKD likely account for reduced iron availability being much more common in CKD patients than transferrin saturation (TSAT) or ferritin results might suggest. A study of 100 anemic CKD stage 4 and 5 patients who were ESA- and IV iron–naive found that 48% had absent iron stores on bone marrow aspiration. One-half of these iron-depleted patients had TSAT >20%, 52% had ferritin >100 ng/mL, and just 33% had TSAT <20% and ferritin <100 ng/mL. 14 Given the difficulty in diagnosing ID using standard testing, 15 empiric treatment with oral iron or 1 g of IV iron is often a therapeutic option.
Injections are still the preferred method of treating Pernicious Anaemia
Here’s what the new Guidelines for Cobalamin (B12) and Folate Disorders issued by the British Committee for Standards in Haematology say:
The BNF states
Initially administer hydroxocobalamin 1 mg intramuscularly on alternate days until there is no further improvement, then administer hydroxocobalamin 1 mg intramuscularly every 2 months.
