Treatment FAQ

how does finding a treatment for ebola affect the us

by Yasmin Homenick Published 2 years ago Updated 2 years ago
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Symptoms

Causes

Prevention

Complications

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How effective is Ebola treatment?

In the 41% of trial participants who sought treatment early after infection and had lower levels of Ebola virus in their blood, the two new treatments had astonishing success: Mortality plummeted to 6% in the Regeneron antibody group and to 11% with mAb114.

How did the Ebola virus affect the United States?

Overall, eleven people were treated for Ebola in the United States during the 2014-2016 epidemic. On September 30, 2014, CDC confirmed the first travel-associated case of EVD diagnosed in the United States in a man who traveled from West Africa to Dallas, Texas. The patient (the index case) died on October 8, 2014.

How did Ebola affect the US economy?

The Ebola epidemic mostly impacted the transporting of agricultural goods to consumption areas. Workers were afraid of traveling to contaminated areas, and the number of traders decreased by 20 percent at the height of the epidemic. This lowered farmers' incomes and led to unstable crop prices.

What impact did Ebola have on society?

In addition to the devastating effects on the healthcare workforce in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, the Ebola epidemic severely impacted the provision of healthcare services and caused setbacks in the treatment and control of other serious diseases, including: HIV. Tuberculosis. Malaria.

How can an Ebola outbreak impact society and the economy?

The West African Ebola outbreak is estimated to have knocked more than US$2 billion off the GDPs of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. This was mainly due to a slowdown in private sector investment, reduced agricultural production and cross-border trade, and travel restrictions.

How did the US help Africa with Ebola?

USAID worked in partnership with host governments, international donors and partners in - Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone - to implement cross-cutting investments, a combined total of $2.4 billion dollars obligated by the United States Congress to assist West Africa Ebola recovery in health, education, agriculture and ...

Why is Ebola important?

Ebola (ee-BOE-luh) affects humans and other primates, like monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees. It causes the body's immune system to go into overdrive — which can lead to fever, body aches, diarrhea, and sometimes bleeding. It can also lead to organ failure and death. Quick medical treatment is important.

How much did Ebola cost?

GENEVA (Reuters) - An Ebola outbreak that ravaged Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia in 2014 cost economies an estimated $53 billion, according to a study in this month's Journal of Infectious Diseases.

Which countries helped with Ebola?

By the beginning of August, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had placed staff in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Nigeria to assist the local Ministries of Health and WHO-led response to the outbreak.

Is Ebola still around?

There have been fourteenth Ebola outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 1976. The new outbreak is the sixth one since 2018 – the most frequent occurrence in the country's Ebola history, according to the UN health agency.

What's the Ebola death rate?

On average, 50% of people who contract Ebola will die. Case fatality rates have varied between 25% to 90% in past outbreaks, and in the current outbreak, which began in 2018 in the Kivu region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the overall fatality rate was around 67%.

What is Ebola death rate?

The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. The average EVD case fatality rate is around 50%. Case fatality rates have varied from 25% to 90% in past outbreaks. Community engagement is key to successfully controlling outbreaks.

What's New

Fast Facts

Medically reviewed by
Dr. Govind Desai
Symptoms
If you or someone you know is exhibiting symptoms of Ebola, seek medical attention immediately.

Symptoms of ebola virus infection are generally noted between 2 -21 days after the virus enters the body.

Early noticeable symptoms include sudden onset of:

  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Joint and muscle pain
  • Headache
  • Sore throat
  • Cough

Symptoms noted with disease progression include:

  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Rash
  • Unexplained bruising
  • Internal and external bleeding such as bleeding from gums and blood in stools
  • Weight loss

Causes

Ebola virus is primarily found in wild animals, particularly fruit bats. It can infect monkeys and porcupines. It can spread from animals or human to human. In humans, the Ebola virus spreads by direct contact with:

  • Bodily fluids (blood, secretions, saliva, sweat, urine, semen) from the infected person
  • Feces or vomit from the infected person
  • Organs of infected people
  • Contaminated surfaces
  • Breast milk
  • Sexual contact
  • Transmission of the virus can also be through eyes, nose, mouth and broken skin

Risk factors include:

  • Exposure to infected objects, such as needles
  • Interaction with infected animals
  • Working in medical or personal care
  • Traveling to areas where a recent outbreak has occurred
  • Working in/attending burial services

Prevention

  • Avoid traveling to places with suspected cases of outbreaks.
  • Get your blood and semen tested at regular intervals.
  • Abstain from all kinds of sex with an infected person.
  • Practice good personal hygiene, especially after visiting a patient.
  • Handle infected animals with the utmost care, using gloves.
  • Cook animal products thoroughly before consuming.
  • Handle dead, infected person’s body carefully to avoid direct contact with the fluid or skin.
  • Healthcare and laboratory workers should take maximum prescribed precautions when handling the patient or samples.

Complications

Most people who recover from the infection may report the following complications:

  • Joint problems
  • Hair loss
  • Extreme weakness and fatigue
  • Delirium or a state of severe confusion
  • Inflammation of the liver, testicles, and eyes
  • Changes in sensory functions
  • Jaundice

Complications that could be deadly or fatal include:

  • Multiple organ failure
  • Delirium
  • Shock
  • Seizures
  • Severe bleeding
  • Coma
  • Shock

What are the treatment options?
What diet is recommended?
How is this diagnosed?

FDA's Role

Medical Countermeasures

Guidance For Industry

  1. December 21, 2020: FDA Approves Treatment for Ebola Virus - FDA approved Ebanga (Ansuvimab-zykl), a human monoclonal antibody, for the treatment for Zaire ebolavirus (Ebola virus) infection in adul...
  2. October 14, 2020: FDA Approves First Treatment for Ebola Virus - FDA approved Inmazeb (atoltivimab, maftivimab, and odesivimab-ebgn), a mixture of three monoclonal antibodies, a…
  1. December 21, 2020: FDA Approves Treatment for Ebola Virus - FDA approved Ebanga (Ansuvimab-zykl), a human monoclonal antibody, for the treatment for Zaire ebolavirus (Ebola virus) infection in adul...
  2. October 14, 2020: FDA Approves First Treatment for Ebola Virus - FDA approved Inmazeb (atoltivimab, maftivimab, and odesivimab-ebgn), a mixture of three monoclonal antibodies, as the first FDA-appr...
  3. December 19, 2019: First FDA-approved vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus disease, marking a critical milestone in public health preparedness and response - FDA announced today the approval (...
  4. November 14, 2019: FDA awarded a contract in September 2019 to the University of Californi…
See more on fda.gov

Consumer Protection

  1. Ebola is the cause of a viral hemorrhagic fever disease (Ebola virus disease, or EVD).
  2. Ebola does not pose a significant risk to the U.S. public. The viruses that cause EVD are located mainly in sub-Saharan Africa.
  3. Transmission: People can get EVD through direct contact with an infected animal (bat or nonhuman primate) or a sick or dead person infected with Ebola virus. (More, from CDC)
  1. Ebola is the cause of a viral hemorrhagic fever disease (Ebola virus disease, or EVD).
  2. Ebola does not pose a significant risk to the U.S. public. The viruses that cause EVD are located mainly in sub-Saharan Africa.
  3. Transmission: People can get EVD through direct contact with an infected animal (bat or nonhuman primate) or a sick or dead person infected with Ebola virus. (More, from CDC)
  4. Prevention: When living in or traveling to a region where Ebola virus is widespread, learn how to protect yourself and prevent the spread of EVD (info from CDC).
See more on fda.gov

Additional Resources

  • FDA plays a critical role in protecting the United States from chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and emerging infectious disease threats. FDA’s roles in Ebola preparedness and response include: 1. Facilitating the development and availability of medical countermeasures (MCMs) that can be used to diagnose, prevent, or treat Ebola virus disease. Also see Medical countermeasur…
See more on fda.gov

Background

  • Vaccines
    On December 19, 2019, FDA announced the approval of Ervebo, the first FDA-approved vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus disease (EVD), caused by Zaire ebolavirus in individuals 18 years of age and older. Also see: ERVEBO Learn more about preventing Ebolafrom CDC.
  • Therapeutics
    On December 21, 2020, FDA approved Ebanga (Ansuvimab-zykl), a human monoclonal antibody, for the treatment for Zaire ebolavirus (Ebola virus) infection in adults and children. Ebanga blocks binding of the virus to the cell receptor, preventing its entry into the cell.The most common sym…
See more on fda.gov

Ebola Project Description

  1. January 2017: Guidance - Recommendations for Assessment of Blood Donor Eligibility, Donor Deferral and Blood Product Management in Response to Ebola Virus - notifies blood establishments that FDA h...
  2. December 2015: FDA issued a final guidance, replacing the draft issued in June 2015 - Premarket Notification Requirements Concerning Gowns Intended for Use in Health Care Set…
  1. January 2017: Guidance - Recommendations for Assessment of Blood Donor Eligibility, Donor Deferral and Blood Product Management in Response to Ebola Virus - notifies blood establishments that FDA h...
  2. December 2015: FDA issued a final guidance, replacing the draft issued in June 2015 - Premarket Notification Requirements Concerning Gowns Intended for Use in Health Care Settings (Federal Register...
See more on fda.gov

Zika Project Description

  • Unfortunately, during outbreak situations, fraudulent products claiming to prevent, treat or cure a disease almost always appear. The FDA monitors for fraudulent products and false product claims related to the Ebola virus and takes appropriate action to protect consumers. 1. There are no approved treatments for Ebola available for purchase on the Internet. 2. Experimental Ebola v…
See more on fda.gov

New Technologies Including Quantum Barcoding

See more on fda.gov

Update – March 2020

Collaborations

Project Outcomes

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