How is chemotherapy given?
- Injection: The drugs are delivered with a shot directly into muscle in your hip, thigh, or arm, or in the fatty part of...
- Intra-arterial (IA): The drugs go directly into the artery that is feeding the cancer, through a needle, or soft, thin...
- Intraperitoneal (IP): The drugs are delivered to the peritoneal cavity, which contains organs such as...
What is chemotherapy and what does it do?
Chemotherapy is the use of chemical drugs to treat cancer in humans and animals. It is rarely used by itself and is typically combined with surgery, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. While chemotherapy is a highly effective treatment for many cancers, it can be improved.
When does chemotherapy do more harm than good?
The decision over if or when to stop chemotherapy is a heart-wrenching one many cancer patients and their families eventually face. Now a new study, published online today in JAMA Oncology, suggests that for those near the end of their lives, the treatment may do more harm than good.
Does chemotherapy really cure cancer?
So does it cure cancer? In some cases the answer is yes. In several types of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chemotherapy is delivered with the intent to rid the body of cancer and bring about a cure. This is true for some subtypes of leukemia as well, and to a lesser degree other cancers with solid tumors.
What are the reasons for needing chemotherapy?
You might have chemotherapy:
- to shrink a cancer before surgery or radiotherapy
- to try to stop cancer coming back after surgery or radiotherapy
- as a treatment on its own, if your type of cancer is very sensitive to it
- to treat cancer that has spread from where it first started
Is chemotherapy a painful process?
Does chemotherapy hurt? IV chemotherapy should not cause any pain while being administered. If you experience pain, contact the nurse taking care of you to check your IV line. An exception would be if there is a leak and the drug gets into surrounding tissues.
How does chemotherapy take place?
The most common way that chemotherapy drugs are given is through a needle into a vein. This is called intravenous or IV chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can also be taken as a pill, capsule, or liquid by mouth, as an injection or shot, or as a cream that is put directly on your skin.
How long does a chemo treatment take?
In general, chemotherapy can take about 3 to 6 months to complete. It may take more or less time, depending on the type of chemo and the stage of your condition. It's also broken down into cycles, which last 2 to 6 weeks each.
How long is first chemo treatment?
It's important that you have a caregiver with you to get you to and from chemotherapy the first time, as you don't know how you'll feel after you're done. The length of time for chemotherapy regimens can range from 5 minutes to 8 or more hours.
Does chemotherapy cause hair loss?
Chemotherapy may cause hair loss all over your body — not just on your scalp. Sometimes your eyelash, eyebrow, armpit, pubic and other body hair also falls out. Some chemotherapy drugs are more likely than others to cause hair loss, and different doses can cause anything from a mere thinning to complete baldness.
What is life like after chemotherapy?
Life after cancer treatment can present its own challenges. You may have mixed feelings when treatment ends, and worry that every ache and pain means the cancer is coming back. Some people say that they feel pressure to return to “normal life”.
How many rounds of chemo is normal?
During a course of treatment, you usually have around 4 to 8 cycles of treatment. A cycle is the time between one round of treatment until the start of the next. After each round of treatment you have a break, to allow your body to recover.
How much does chemo cost?
Chemotherapy is one of the most common cancer treatments. Depending on the drug and type of cancer it treats, the average monthly cost of chemo drugs can range from $1,000 to $12,000.
How does chemotherapy work?
Chemotherapy works by stopping or slowing the growth of cancer cells, which grow and divide quickly. Chemotherapy is used to: Chemotherapy can be used to cure cancer, lessen the chance it will return, or stop or slow its growth. Chemotherapy can be used to shrink tumors that are causing pain and other problems.
How does chemo work?
Chemotherapy to Treat Cancer. Chemotherapy works against cancer by killing fast-growing cancer cells. Chemotherapy (also called chemo) is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
What is the term for a tumor that is smaller before surgery?
Make a tumor smaller before surgery or radiation therapy. This is called neoadjuvant chemotherapy . Destroy cancer cells that may remain after treatment with surgery or radiation therapy. This is called adjuvant chemotherapy. Help other treatments work better.
How long can a catheter be left in place for chemo?
This needle can be left in place for chemotherapy treatments that are given for longer than one day. Be sure to watch for signs of infection around your port.
What is the treatment for cancer?
Who Receives Chemotherapy . Chemotherapy is used to treat many types of cancer. For some people, chemotherapy may be the only treatment you receive. But most often, you will have chemotherapy and other cancer treatments.
Where do you put a catheter in a chemo patient?
A catheter is a thin, soft tube. A doctor or nurse places one end of the catheter in a large vein, often in your chest area. The other end of the catheter stays outside your body. Most catheters stay in place until you have finished your chemotherapy treatments.
How long is a cycle of chemotherapy?
For instance, you might receive chemotherapy every day for 1 week followed by 3 weeks with no chemotherapy. These 4 weeks make up one cycle. The rest period gives your body a chance to recover and build new healthy cells.
How does chemo work?
Chemotherapy works with the cell cycle. Every time any new cell is formed, it goes through a usual process to become a fully functioning (or mature) cell. The process involves a series of phases and is called the cell cycle. Chemotherapy drugs target cells at different phases of the cell cycle. Understanding how these drugs work helps doctors ...
What is chemo used for?
Many different kinds of chemotherapy or chemo drugs are used to treat cancer – either alone or in combination with other drugs or treatments. These drugs are very different in their chemical composition (what they are made of), how they are prescribed and given, how useful they are in treating certain types of cancer, ...
How do alkylating agents work?
Alkylating agents. Alkylating agents keep the cell from reproducing (making copies of itself) by damaging its DNA. These drugs work in all phases of the cell cycle and are used to treat many different cancers, including cancers of the lung, breast, and ovary as well as leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, multiple myeloma, and sarcoma.
How are chemo drugs grouped?
Types of chemo drugs. Chemo drugs can be grouped by how they work, their chemical structure, and their relationships to other drugs. Some drugs work in more than one way, and may belong to more than one group. (Note: not all chemotherapy drugs are listed here.)
What does it mean when you get chemo?
Each time chemo is given, it means trying to find a balance between killing the cancer cells (in order to cure or control the disease) and sparing the normal cells (to lessen side effects).
What are the other treatments for cancer?
Other types of drugs used to treat cancer. Other drugs and biological treatments are used to treat cancer, but aren’t considered chemotherapy . They often have different side effects than chemotherapy . Many are used along with surgery, chemo, or radiation therapy.
Why is knowing how a drug works important?
Knowing how the drug works is important in predicting side effects from it. This helps doctors decide which drugs are likely to work well together. If more than one drug will be used, this information also helps them plan exactly when each of the drugs should be given (in which order and how often).
Who decides what chemotherapy to get?
Planning chemotherapy treatments. You and your cancer doctor ( oncologist) will decide what drug or combination of drugs you will get. Your doctor will choose the doses, how the drugs will be given, and how often and how long you’ll get treatment.
What is chemo used for?
More often, chemo is used with surgery or radiation therapy or both. And it's sometimes used with other drugs, such as targeted therapy, hormone therapy, or immunotherapy. For example, chemo may be used... To shrink a tumor before surgery or radiation therapy. Chemo used in this way is called neoadjuvant therapy.
How often is chemo given?
Chemotherapy is commonly given at regular intervals called cycles. A cycle may be a dose of one or more drugs on one or more days, followed by several days or weeks without treatment. This gives normal cells time to recover from drug side effects. Sometimes, doses may be given a certain number of days in a row, or every other day for several days, followed by a period of rest. Some drugs work best when given continuously over a set number of days.
What is the term for the use of drugs to treat cancer?
Chemotherapy refers to the use of any drug to treat any disease. But to most people, the word chemotherapy ( or "chemo") means drugs used for cancer treatment. It's important to know that not all medicines and drugs to treat cancer work the same way. It used to be that the only kind of drug that could treat cancer was traditional or standard chemo, ...
What is the term for the process of shrinking a tumor?
To shrink a tumor before surgery or radiation therapy. Chemo used in this way is called neoadjuvant therapy . After surgery or radiation therapy to help kill any remaining cancer cells in the body. Chemo used in this way is called adjuvant therapy.
Why do people need chemo?
When the cancer is at an advanced stage, probably cannot be controlled, and has spread, the goal of giving chemo may be to improve the quality of life or help the person feel better. For instance, chemo may be used to help shrink a tumor that’s causing pain or pressure so the patient feels better and has less pain.
What is radiation therapy?
Surgery removes a tumor from a part of the body where cancer has been found, and radiation therapy is aimed at a certain area of the body to kill or damage cancer cells. Treatments like these are called local treatments because they affect one part of the body.
What is chemo therapy?
Chemotherapy ("Chemo") uses drugs to destroy cancer cells. Learn more about how it works, what to expect during treatment, common side effects, and other FAQs. Skip to main content . Check Your Symptoms . Find A Doctor .
How is chemotherapy delivered?
It may be delivered by a special machine that bombards parts of your body from the outside, or by putting radioactive material on, near, and even inside your body. Biological therapy:Living material in the form of bacteria, vaccines, or antibodiesare carefully introduced to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be used to:
How does chemo work?
Also called “chemo,” it’s a way to treat cancerthat uses drugsto kill cancercells. How does chemotherapy work? It targets cells that grow and divide quickly, as cancercells do. Unlike radiation or surgery, which target specific areas, chemo can work throughout your body.
What is the goal of chemo?
The goal of treatment: cure, control growth, or ease pain. The type of chemotherapy. The way your body responds to the treatment. You may have chemotherapy in “cycles,” which means a period of treatment and then a period of rest. For example, a 4-week cycle may be 1 week of treatment and then 3 weeks of rest.
What is the term for shrinking a tumor?
Chemotherapy may be used to: Shrink a tumor before radiation therapy or surgery -- called neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Destroy any remaining cancer cells after surgery or radiation therapy -- called adjuvant chemotherapy. Make other therapies (biological or radiation) more effective.
What is the treatment for cancer?
Sometimes, it treats cancer by itself, but more often it’s used in combination with: Surgery:A doctor removes cancerous tumors or tissue, or organs contaminated with cancerous cells. Radiation therapy: A doctor uses invisible radioactive particles to kill cancer cells.
Where is chemo injected?
Intrathecal(IT) chemotherapy:Medicine is injected into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is found in the area surrounding the spinal cord and the brain. Intravenous (IV):The chemotherapy goes directly into a vein.
Where is intraventricular chemo given?
Intraventricular or intrathecal chemotherapy is used when drugs need to reach the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the fluid that is in the brain and spinal cord . The body's blood-brain barrier does not allow many chemotherapy drugs given systemically (through the whole body) to get to the CSF. There are two ways chemotherapy can be given to the CSF:
Where are intramuscular injections given?
Intra-muscular injections are given through the skin into the muscle layer . This involves the use of a larger needle with deeper penetration than the subcutaneous injection. The medication is deposited in the muscle tissue.
Can you swallow chemo pills?
Oral chemotherapy medications - those that can be swallowed - come in a variety of oral forms (pills, tablets, capsules, liquid), all of which can be absorbed by the stomach or under the tongue.
Can chemo cream be applied to skin?
Some chemotherapy creams are applied directly to the skin in certain cases of skin cancer. The cream is then absorbed through the skin directly into the cancerous lesion. The use of topical preparations is very limited in cancer treatments.
Where can chemotherapy treatment be received?
Your health care team can provide Chemotherapy in different settings depending on your situation. Still, it can be in the doctor's office, at the hospital, or even at home in some specific cases.
How long does it last?
This depends a lot on the type of cancer you have and how advanced it is.
How are Chemotherapy drugs given?
Intravenous Chemotherapy: Many drugs require an injection directly into a vein in your arm or into a device in a vein in your chest. The treatment takes from a few minutes to a few hours.
Will I feel bad during Chemotherapy?
There's no way to know this for sure. Many factors affect it, depending on your overall health, the type of cancer you have, the type of chemotherapy drugs, the length of time, and the amount. Also, your genes play a role in how you will feel during Chemotherapy.
Will I be able to continue working during my Chemotherapy treatment?
It depends on how your body reacts to the drugs and the type of work you do. You may have to ask to work fewer hours or be allowed to work from home on days when you are not feeling well.
Results of Chemotherapy
Usually, while you are undergoing Chemotherapy or at the end of it, your Oncologist will ask you to perform some tests that will allow him/her to know if the tumor has responded positively (diminished, disappeared, or is stable) to the Chemotherapy.
Alkylating agents against cancer cells
Some drugs, such as alkylating agents, directly affect each cancer cell’s DNA. For example, the drug may cause DNA strands to break, preventing cell division. Many alkylating agents can be administered at any point during the cell cycle.
Antimetabolites against cancer cells
Antimetabolites replace and mimic the nutrients that cancer cells need to grow, which starves them to death. This type of drug is most effective when given during the S-phase (synthesis of new DNA) of the cell cycle.
Anti-tumor antibiotics against cancer cells
Antitumor antibiotics uncoil cancer cell DNA strands. This stops them from reproducing. This type of drug can be given at any point during the cell cycle.
Alkaloids against cancer cells
Plant alkaloids block cell division. They may be given at any time during the cell cycle but may be most effective during specific stages of cell development.
How does chemotherapy affect healthy cells?
Healthy, normal cells that are fast growing are also affected by chemotherapy drugs. These include:
Chemo for systemic treatment
If the drugs are meant to work through your entire system, you may get chemo:
Chemo by localized delivery
Chemotherapy drugs may also be used to target tumors in a specific area of the body. These localized delivery systems may use slow-dissolving disks containing chemo drugs or other mediums of delivery:
How does chemo work?
Chemotherapy, or chemo, is a type of drug that’s used to treat cancer. It works by stopping the division and growth of cancer cells. Chemo is given in specific intervals, also known as cycles or schedules. The duration of one cycle depends on several factors, including the: type of cancer. stage of cancer.
How long does it take for chemo to work?
In general, chemotherapy can take about 3 to 6 months to complete. It may take more or less time, depending on the type of chemo and the stage of your condition. It’s also broken down into cycles, which last 2 to 6 weeks each.
How long does chemo last?
Chemotherapy infusions can last several hours or days. Your healthcare provider can let you know how long each session will likely take. Here’s what you can do to feel more comfortable during each session: Bring reading material. If you enjoy reading, pack a book or magazine to stay occupied.
How long does it take for a syringe to deliver chemo?
A syringe is used to deliver the drug in a few minutes. IV infusion. The drug flows into your body over a period lasting several minutes to several hours. Continuous infusion. A continuous infusion takes a day to several days. Oral and topical chemotherapy are less time-consuming.
Is oral chemo more time consuming than topical chemo?
Oral and topical chemotherapy are less time-consuming. That’s because they can be done at home on your own. In oral chemo, you take the drug by mouth. The drug might be in the form of a: liquid. pill. capsule. Topical chemo is an ointment or gel that you rub on your skin.
Can you wear a wig during chemotherapy?
Finding a therapist in advance may help you cope with the side effects. Look for wigs. If you expect to lose hair during chemotherapy, you may choose to wear a wig. Before considering your options, ask your health insurance if they cover wigs.
Does chemo cause cancer?
As chemotherapy destroys cancer cells, it also harms healthy cells. This includes cells in your digestive system and hair, along with cells that produce blood. In turn, chemo can cause various side effects. Some side effects go away quickly, while other side effects can last longer than the actual treatment.
Why It's Done
- Chemotherapy is used to kill cancer cells in people with cancer. There are a variety of settings in which chemotherapy may be used in people with cancer: 1. To cure the cancer without other treatments.Chemotherapy can be used as the primary or sole treatment for cancer. 2. After othe…
Risks
- Side effects of chemotherapy drugs can be significant. Each drug has different side effects, and not every drug causes every side effect. Ask your doctor about the side effects of the particular drugs you'll receive.
How You Prepare
- How you prepare for chemotherapy depends on which drugs you'll receive and how they'll be administered. Your doctor will give you specific instructions to prepare for your chemotherapy treatments. You may need to: 1. Have a device surgically inserted before intravenous chemotherapy.If you'll be receiving your chemotherapy intravenously — into a vein — your docto…
What You Can Expect
- Determining which chemotherapy drugs you'll receive
Your doctor chooses which chemotherapy drugs you'll receive based on several factors, including: 1. Type of cancer 2. Stage of cancer 3. Overall health 4. Previous cancer treatments 5. Your goals and preferences Discuss your treatment options with your doctor. Together you can decide what… - How chemotherapy drugs are given
Chemotherapy drugs can be given in different ways, including: 1. Chemotherapy infusions.Chemotherapy is most often given as an infusion into a vein (intravenously). The drugs can be given by inserting a tube with a needle into a vein in your arm or into a device in a vein in …
Results
- You'll meet with your cancer doctor (oncologist) regularly during chemotherapy treatment. Your oncologist will ask about any side effects you're experiencing, since many can be controlled. Depending on your situation, you may also undergo scans and other tests to monitor your cancer during chemotherapy treatment. These tests can give your doctor an idea of how your cancer is …
Clinical Trials
- Explore Mayo Clinic studiesof tests and procedures to help prevent, detect, treat or manage conditions.
Chemotherapy Works with The Cell Cycle
- Every time any new cell is formed, it goes through a usual process to become a fully functioning (or mature) cell. The process involves a series of phases and is called the cell cycle. Chemotherapy drugs target cells at different phases of the cell cycle. Understanding how these drugs work helps doctors predict which drugs are likely to work well t...
Types of Chemo Drugs
- Chemo drugs can be grouped by how they work, their chemical structure, and their relationships to other drugs. Some drugs work in more than one way, and may belong to more than one group. (Note: not all chemotherapy drugs are listed here.) Knowing how the drug works is important in predicting side effects from it. This helps doctors decide which drugs are likely to work well toge…
Other Types of Drugs Used to Treat Cancer
- Other drugs and biological treatments are used to treat cancer, but aren’t considered chemotherapy. They often have different side effects than chemotherapy. Many are used along with surgery, chemo, or radiation therapy.