Reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) are a class of antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV infection or AIDS, and in some cases hepatitis B. RTIs inhibit activity of reverse transcriptase, a viral DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from a single original DNA molecule. During this proces…
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How do reverse transcriptase inhibitors work for HIV?
When the HIV virus enters a healthy cell, it attempts to make copies of itself. It does this by using an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. The NRTIs work because they block that enzyme. Without reverse transcriptase, HIV can't make new virus copies of itself.
What is reverse transcriptase and what is its importance in the management of HIV infection?
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) contributes to the development of resistance to all anti-AIDS drugs by introducing mutations into the viral genome. At the molecular level, mutations in RT result in resistance to RT inhibitors.
How does reverse transcriptase work quizlet?
How is it used? Reverse Transcriptase creates a flow of genetic information in the opposite direction from the flow in conventional transcription; it uses an RNA template to transcribe a molecule of DNA, which is called complementary DNA (cDNA) because it is complementary to an RNA template.
How do entry inhibitors work HIV?
Entry inhibitors work by attaching themselves to proteins on the surface of CD4 cells or proteins on the surface of HIV. In order for HIV to bind to CD4 cells, the proteins on HIV's outer coat must bind to the proteins on the surface of CD4 cells. Entry inhibitors prevent this from happening.
What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retrovirus quizlet?
-Retroviruses are equipped with an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which makes a DNA copy of an RNA template, providing information flow from RNA to DNA. The human immunodeficiency virus infects cells of the human immune system.
What is the function of reverse transcriptase in viruses?
Reverse transcriptases have been identified in many organisms, including viruses, bacteria, animals, and plants. In these organisms, the general role of reverse transcriptase is to convert RNA sequences to cDNA sequences that are capable of inserting into different areas of the genome.
What is the role of reverse transcriptase in making cDNA?
Reverse transcriptase is used to make a cDNA copy of the mRNA. The cDNA sample is then amplified by PCR. This yields multiple copies of cDNA without introns. Reverse transcription followed by PCR allows cloning of genes starting from the messenger RNA, and thus, identifying the expressed exons of the eukaryotic gene.
How do retroviruses work differently from other viruses?
How are retroviruses different from other viruses? Most RNA viruses reproduce by inserting RNA into the host cell. The RNA contains the instructions for making copies of the virus. A retrovirus is an RNA virus, but instead of inserting the RNA directly into the cell, it first converts it into DNA.
What role does reverse transcriptase play in the cloning of genes quizlet?
Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that reverses mRNA. It is used so that we can clone cDNA into bacteria without any problems.
How do protease inhibitor PI drugs prevent viral replication?
Protease is an enzyme in the body that's important for HIV replication. Protease inhibitor drugs block the action of protease enzymes. This prevents protease enzymes from doing their part in allowing HIV to multiply, interrupting the HIV life cycle as a result. This can stop the virus from multiplying.
How do post attachment inhibitors work?
Post-attachment inhibitors are a class of drugs that bind to the CD4 receptor on a host CD4 cell. This blocks HIV from attaching to the CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors and entering the cell. Post-attachment inhibitors are part of a larger group of HIV drugs called entry inhibitors.