how did the treatment of german and italian canadians result in victory in canada

How did the Germans treat Canadian soldiers in WW2?

 · The Italian campaign ended in the spring of 1945, with Germany's eventual surrender. The Canadians who had slogged their way through Italy from south to north since 1943 would not see victory there, participating instead in the liberation of the Netherlands , and the eventual invasion and defeat of Germany itself.

How did Canada fight in the Italian Campaign?

Italian Canadian internment was the removal and internment of Italian Canadians during World War II following Italy's June 10, 1940, declaration of war against the United Kingdom. Through the War Measures Act, the government of Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King gave itself the power to suspend habeas corpus, revoke rights, seize property and arrest those …

What happened to German-Canadians during WW2?

 · The government said in a news release that 600 Italian-Canadian men were interned in camps in Canada after Italy allied with Germany and joined the war in 1940. Some 31,000 other Italian-Canadians ...

What do German Canadians contribute to Canada?

 · The government said in a news release that 600 Italian-Canadian men were interned in camps in Canada after Italy allied with Germany and joined the war in 1940. Some 31,000 other Italian-Canadians ...

How did Canadian troops contribute to victory in the Italian campaign?

Canadian forces served in the heat, snow and mud of the grinding, nearly two-year Allied battle across Sicily and up the Italian peninsula—prying the country from Germany's grip, at a cost of more than 26,000 Canadian casualties.

How did Canada help win the war?

About the War Canadians contributed in many ways, fighting overseas, defending the country at home, and producing the weapons of war and food for Allied nations. With massive financial support and incredible exertions demanded of most Canadians, few were left untouched by the war.

How were German Canadians treated?

During the First World War, Germans in Canada were considered "enemy-aliens." Over 8000 German Canadians were interned in camps. During this period, German language instruction was abolished and the German press was no longer allowed to publish in German. German immigration to Canada resumed after the end of the War.

What was the outcome of the Italian campaign?

Italian campaign (World War II)Date10 July 1943 – 2 May 1945 (1 year, 10 months and 22 days)LocationItaly, San Marino, Vatican CityResultAllied Victory End of Fascist rule in Italy (1943) Surrender of German Army Group C (1945) Death of Benito Mussolini (1945)1 more row

What did Canada gain from ww1?

Income tax was introduced as a temporary measure and then became permanent. Railways were nationalized. Canada turned to Washington for staggering wartime loans and became more fully enmeshed in a North American economy. Most women received the right to vote, save for those in a few provinces and Indigenous women.

What was Canada's greatest achievement in ww1?

Land Battles Canada's greatest contribution to the Allied war effort was its land forces, which fought on the Western Front from 1915 to 1918.

How did Canada treat Germans in WW1?

Anti-German sentiment was very high in Canada during the First World War. Almost nine thousand German Canadians were placed in internment camps by the Canadian government while countless others were forced to register with the authorities and were subjected to strict government surveillance.

How were German Canadians treated after WW1?

Since Canada was at war with Germany, German-Canadians were considered enemy aliens and were interned. The population of interned Germans also included Prisoners of War (POWs). The number of POWs in custody increased as the war progressed. German internment was the only group that included military personnel.

How did the Germans contribute to Canada?

The Germans also contributed by bringing their beliefs to Canada. For example, when the Mennonites came to Canada, they helped teach us their beliefs and way of life. Another way hoe the Germans contributed was bringing over their culture. Without the Germans we wouldn't know about foods such as Schnitzel or Brezel.

What were the results of the Italian Campaign quizlet?

What were the results of the Italian campaign? The Allies freed Italy despite Hitler's efforts at the Battle of Anzio. Mussolini was removed from power.

Why was the Italian Campaign important to Canada?

Canadian troops played a vital role in the 20-month Mediterranean campaign which led to the liberation of Italy during the Second World War. In fact, this campaign was the first large-scale land operation in which the Canadian Army stationed in Great Britain took part.

Was the invasion of Italy a success?

​In general, the Allied invasion of Sicily and Italy was incredibly successful and achieved what it set out to. The Allied armies were able to force Axis naval, air and land divisions out of the area and allowed Allied merchant ships into the Mediterranean for the first time since 1941.

What war did Canadians win?

The war was fought in Upper Canada, Lower Canada, on the Great Lakes and the Atlantic, and in the United States. The peace treaty of Ghent (1814), which ended the war, largely returned the status quo....War of 1812.Published OnlineMarch 6, 2012Last EditedJune 1, 2020Mar 6, 2012

Has Canada ever won a war?

Canada won the War of 1812, U.S. historian admits.

Did Canada lose the war 1812?

As a colony of Great Britain, Canada was swept up in the War of 1812 and was invaded a number of times by the Americans. The war was fought in Upper Canada, Lower Canada, on the Great Lakes and the Atlantic, and in the United States....War of 1812.Published OnlineJanuary 26, 2017Last EditedSeptember 17, 2018Jan 26, 2017

Has Canada been involved in any wars?

Since the Second World War, however, Canada has been committed to multilateralism and has gone to war only within large multinational coalitions such as in the Korean War, the Gulf War, the Kosovo War, and the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan.

What was the purpose of the Italian Canadian internment?

Through the War Measures Act, the government of Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King gave itself the power to suspend habeas corpus, revoke rights, seize property and arrest those who were deemed a threat to the safety of Canada—labeling 31,000 Italian Canadians as " enemy aliens ". Between 1940 and 1943, between 600 and 700 Italian Canadian men were arrested and sent to internment camps as potentially dangerous "enemy aliens" with alleged fascist connections. In the decades that followed, political apologies were made for the internment of Italian Canadians.

Who apologized for the internment of Italian Canadians?

In 1990, former prime minister Brian Mulroney apologized for the war internment of Italian Canadians to a Toronto meeting of the National Congress of Italian Canadians: "On behalf of the government and the people of Canada, I offer a full and unqualified apology for the wrongs done to our fellow Canadians of Italian origin during World War II."

Why did the RCMP plant a tree in Ottawa?

In September 2018, the RCMP planted a tree on the grounds of the Canadian Police College in Ottawa as a show of regret for their involvement with the internment of Italian Canadians.

What happened in 1940?

Enemy aliens. Italian Canadian man being arrested at Casa D'Italia in Toronto on June 10, 1940. Italian Canadian men at an internment camp. On June 10, 1940, following Italy's declaration of war against the United Kingdom, all fascist organizations in Canada were deemed illegal through the War Measures Act.

How many Italian Canadians were members of fascist groups?

According to Enemies Within: Italian and Other Internees in Canada and Abroad, edited by historians Franca Iacovetta, Roberto Perin and Angelo Principe, an estimated 3,500 Italian Canadians were known to have been members of local fascist groups.

Who created the Italian Canadian internment memorial?

In 2013, as a part of the permanent exhibition Italian Canadians as Enemy Aliens: Memories of World War II at the Columbus Centre in Toronto, funded by Villa Charities Inc and Citizenship and Immigration Canada, artist Harley Valentine created a monument recognizing the internments called "Riflessi: Italian Canadian Internment Memorial". The main statue is composed of several profiles—a (grand)father, internee, pregnant mother, and child—that combine to form a single figure in mirror polished stainless steel.

Did Italians support fascism in Canada?

While many Italian Canadians had initially supported fascism and Benito Mussolini 's regime for its role in enhancing Italy's presence on the world stage, most Italians in Canada did not harbour any ill will against Canada and few remained committed followers of the fascist ideology.

How many Italian Canadians were interned in Canada?

The government said in a news release that 600 Italian-Canadian men were interned in camps in Canada after Italy allied with Germany and joined the war in 1940. Some 31,000 other Italian-Canadians were declared enemy aliens.

What did the Defence of Canada Regulations do?

The government's news release said that in 1939, the Defence of Canada Regulations gave the justice minister the right to intern, seize property and limit activities of Canadian residents born in countries that were at war with Canada. The regulations clearly targeted Canadians' fear of "the foreign element," and not a single person was ever ...

Why did Germans come to Canada?

Before 1945 most Germans were drawn to Canada by the prospect of farming on abundant and cheap land and preserving distinct religious lifestyles. They also played noticeable roles as entrepreneurs, professionals, artists and tradesmen in the beginning of Canadian urban life in Halifax, Montréal, Toronto, Hamilton, Berlin [Kitchener], Winnipeg, Calgary, Edmonton, Victoria and Vancouver. A high proportion of Canada's German business, professional, academic and artistic elites came from the US. In Hamilton, Winnipeg, Edmonton and Calgary, Germans were part of the early industrial labour force.

How many German pioneers came to Canada in 1911?

Of western Canada's 152,000 German pioneer settlers by 1911, more than half came from eastern Europe. Some 7,000 Mennonites from Russia, who had lost their military exemption, blazed the trail between 1874 and 1879. These attracted a continuous flow of co-religionists from Europe and the US to the Canadian prairies. Their successful block settlements in Manitoba demonstrated that farmers from the Russian steppes were particularly well adapted to prairie farming and that ethnically and denominationally homogeneous colonies proved a viable strategy for opening the West.

What is the German Canadian?

German Canadians — that is, Canadians who report their ethnic origin as solely or partly from Germany or of German ancestry — are one of Canada's largest ethnic categories of European origin. At the time of the British Conquest of New France, nearly 200 families living in the St. Lawrence Valley were of German origin.

What was the impact of the American Revolution on the emigration of loyalists?

Among these, Germans were the largest group of non-British descent, constituting between 10 and 20 per cent of the refugees fleeing to Canada by 1786. In Upper Canada, the German Loyalists’ share was an estimated 40 per cent. Arriving as early as 1776, most of these Germans were the children of emigrants who left the Palatinate (Bavaria) and adjoining regions for New York, where they were embroiled in the politics of their neighbouring Irish Loyalist landlords.

How many Hessian soldiers were there in Canada?

Of these “Hessians” (so called since most were from Hessian states), an estimated 2,400 remained in Canada post conflict. They had a significant cultural and demographic impact on Canadian society by the mere fact that they accounted for 3 to 4 per cent of Canada’s entire male population in 1783. In the Lower Canada towns (Québec) where the Hessians were billeted, they married local girls, fathered large families and assimilated rapidly.

What was the mission of the Moravian Church of Herrnhut?

After 1752, the Moravian church of Herrnhut extended its mission to Inuit communities in Northern Labrador. From eight coastal stations, German Moravians served the Inuit until the 1960s as educators, employers, traders, judges, doctors, music teachers and lexicographers. By creating a written Inuktitut alphabet and dictionary, they helped preserve Inuit language and cultural identity.

How many waves of German immigration to Canada?

German immigration to Canada may be divided into six major waves: the first settlers to 1776; the wave generated by the American Revolution from 1776 to 1820; immigration to Upper Canada ( Ontario) from 1830 to 1880; immigration to western Canada from 1874 to 1914; immigration between the world wars; and immigration since 1945.

What did Italians have to do to get arrested in Canada?

They also had to turn in any weapons or explosives in their possession. Those Italian Canadians affected by this order had thirty days to comply or face arrest.

Who declared war on Italy in 1940?

Then, on June 10, 1940, Mussolini declared war on Great Britain and France, and Canada declared war on Italy. About 31,000 Italian Canadians were officially designated "enemy aliens" under the provisions of the War Measures Act.

How long did the Marconi Lodge stay in Camp Petawawa?

The local internees for the most part remained at Camp Petawawa for about one year. During the internment and for several months afterwards, the Marconi Lodge remained closed, but by the end of 1942, three of the formerly interred officers decided to try to revive the Association.

Why were the Order Sons of Italy denied access to the city park?

In Niagara Falls, the Order Sons of Italy were denied permission to use a city park for a picnic. Whether this was the result of discrimination or the wish of the city to avoid possible trouble between Italian Canadians and others is unclear. In addition, the twenty Italian Canadians employed by the City of Niagara Falls all swore an oath of allegiance but were not allowed to converse in Italian with anyone during work hours. Still, a motion introduced in Niagara Falls City Council on June 19 to dismiss all Italian Canadians employed by the city failed to get a seconder. [5]

How many people were taken from their homes in 1940?

Of these, 587 men and 4 women were taken from their homes and separated from their families. [3] In Niagara, in the evening of June 10, 1940, simultaneous raids were held by the RCMP and local police on homes and businesses in St. Catharines, Thorold, Humberstone, Merritton, Niagara Falls, and Fort Erie.

What was the Order Sons of Italy of Ontario?

The Order Sons of Italy of Ontario (OSIO) proliferated in Ontario through the late 1910s, when Italy was an ally of Great Britain and Canada in World War I , into the 1920s and the 1930s. With the development of events in Europe throughout the 1930s, many Italian organizations in Canada, especially the OSIO lodges, were influenced by consular officials and staff, and did not hesitate to display openly a great enthusiasm for Fascism ideology and Italy's leader, Benito Mussolini. [2]

Why did the Sons of Italy start?

The Sons of Italy began in New York in 1905 as a benevolent society for Italian immigrants, providing them with a "stronger voice to defend their rights in a land where they felt constantly antagonized. It gave them a sense of identity among many people of different origins and different cultures." [1] The Lodge provided a place where they could maintain their language and traditions, as well as funding in case of illness or death in a time before the existence of Canada's welfare, unemployment insurance and health care systems.

When did the Canadian government declare Italians as enemy aliens?

Following its declaration of war on Italy, on June 10, 1940, the Canadian government designated Italian nationals—and Italian Canadians naturalized after 1922 —as enemy aliens. Out of roughly 4,500 Italians in Vancouver, 1,800 (40 percent) fell into this enemy alien status, and were forced to file monthly reports to the RCMP as to both their activities and whereabouts.

How many Italian Canadians were rounded up?

With habeas corpus suspended under the War Measures Act, over 600 Italian s (44 from the Vancouver area alone) were rounded up without charges and interned in camps across the country.

How long were the breadwinners in prison?

And although none of them were ever charged with any criminal activity, some were kept imprisoned for up to two years.

When is the Italian Canadians as enemy aliens exhibit?

In Toronto, Columbus Centre is launching an exhibit, Italian Canadians as Enemy Aliens: Memories of WWII, on May 31st. There is also a website, scheduled to go live on March 31st, which will feature 86 interviews of enemy aliens, their families, and others affected by the internment.

Was the Vancouver interns spies?

As to the makeup of the local internees, they were hardly spies or saboteurs. “We think that all of the people that were interned from Vancouver had been members of a certain club, the Circolo Giulio Giordani,” says Murray. “There were a small number of clubs that were directly influenced by the Italian consulate, where the consulate encouraged the spread of fascist ideas, and this club was one of them.”

Did Italian Canadians get an apology?

There was never an official apology to the Italian Canadians, only an informal apology by Brian Mul roney in the 1990s and it was not delivered in the House of Commons. The government instead created the Community Historical Recognition Program, under Citizenship and Immigration Canada. The fund went to community organizations who created educational projects about the Italian Canadian WWII internment. Our project at Columbus Centre of Toronto, was one of those funded under CHRP. See CHRP's website to see full listing of Italian Canadian internment projects at, http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/multiculturalism/programs/community.asp The funding also went to Japanese Canadians, Ukrainians, chinese, etc.

When did Western Canada start to attract German immigrants?

Western Canada started to attract in 1896 and draw large numbers of other German immigrants, mostly from Eastern Europe. Once again, German-speaking Mennonites (of Dutch-Prussian ancestry) were especially prominent since they were persecuted by the Tsarist regime in Russia.

When did Germans come to Canada?

Family surnames, Lutheran churches, and village names along the South Shore of Nova Scotia retain their German heritage, such as Lunenburg. The first German church in Canada, the Little Dutch (Deutsch) Church in Halifax, is on land which was set aside for the German-speaking community in 1756. The church was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1997.

What was the anti-German sentiment in Waterloo County?

Also, some had immigrated from Germany and so found it morally difficult to fight against a country that was a significant part of their heritage. Anti-German sentiment that precipitated the Berlin to Kitchener name change in 1916 . The city was named after Lord Kitchener, who was famously pictured on the " Lord Kitchener Wants You " recruiting posters.

What was the culture of Waterloo County in the early 1900s?

By the early 1900s, the northern part of Waterloo County, Ontario exhibited a strong German culture, and people of German origin made up a third of the population in 1911. Lutherans were the primary religious group. There were then nearly three times as many Lutherans as Mennonites.

Why did the name Berlin change to Kitchener?

News reports from Waterloo County, Ontario, indicate "A Lutheran minister was pulled out of his house... he was dragged through the streets. German clubs were ransacked through the course of the war. It was just a really nasty time period." That sentiment was the primary reason for the 1916 Berlin to Kitchener name change in Waterloo County. A document in the Archives of Canada makes the following comment: "Although ludicrous to modern eyes, the whole issue of a name for Berlin highlights the effects that fear, hatred and nationalism can have upon a society in the face of war."

What was the effect of the Second World War on Canada?

The Second World War saw a renewal of anti-German sentiment in Canada. Under the War Measures Act, some 26 prisoner-of-war camps opened and interned those who had been born in Germany, Italy, and particularly in Japan if they were deemed to be "enemy aliens".

What was the purpose of the German Society of Montreal?

The secular organization's purpose was to bring together the German community in the city and act as a unified voice, help sick and needy members of the community, and maintain customs and traditions.

What did Hitler say about Canada?

He had a poor opinion of American soldiers, opining that American capitalism (ie, ‘Jewish capitalism’) made them weak and that the mingling of various cultures in the United States had led to a bastardized race unable to match that of Germany, Great Britain, or the Nordic countries. He maintained this view until the end despite the success of American soldiers in North Africa and, after D-Day, in Europe. As Speer relates, Hitler simply couldn’t bring himself to reconcile his racial theories regarding mixed peoples with the reality of German defeat on the battlefield. On the other hand, by war’s end, he frequently opined that the Russians were, in fact, superior to the German/Aryan race. They were more primitive, stronger, and ruthless, whereas German ‘civilization’ had weakened the Aryan race by making it softer, too sensitive, and without the will to triumph in the Darwinian war of all against all.

Why did the Germans develop a clearer image of the Canadian Corps?

Anyways to return to the question at hand, the Germans slowly began to develop a clearer image of the Canadian Corps as it began to acquire it's own character. For political reasons, it's units were not shuffled about the way British ones were, it retained it's brightest officers (rather than having them promoted above corps level) and it was able to choose it's engagements to some degree. This meant that the force benefitted more from the lessons it learned on the western front than other comparable units. It was also frequently given more artillery. For all these reasons, they were almost exclusively attacking troops. When they were put into the line, the Germans knew to expect an attack. It was one of several such formations within the larger British Expeditionary Force. This is partially responsible for their reputation today in Canada. The British press at the time couldn't praise them enough! Knowing how much approval from the ancestral motherland meant to colonial troops, who might otherwise feel invisible, the media played it's part. The men began to believe their own myth as well! An undefeated force of intrepid lumberjacks from the harsh frontier! It didn't matter if you were a city boy, you came from the land of frost and wolves and hardy (probably heavily bearded) men! They may not have been wrong about being very, very good at their job (they were regarded by the British higher-ups as being eminently dependable) but they were fundamentally similar to other BEF forces.

How did Landser tell the difference between Canadian and British soldiers?

Most Landser couldn’t immediately tell the difference between British and Canadian soldiers (who wore basically identical uniforms and used the same equipment), and even when they could, they tended to think of the Canadians as essentially British, in the same way a German in the old WWI colonies or who had taken up employment opportunities abroad was still German. British and Canadian training was similar, and most qualities or limitations the one displayed was found in the other. That the all-volunteer Canadians were sometimes more enthusiastic than some mostly conscript British units didn’t stand out any more than the other numerous variations in character in an army that prided itself on distinct regimental traditions. Canadians were simply another flavour of British regiment, like the Scottish, to a German soldier. Elite units like the Paras and Royal Marines stood out far more distinctly amongst Commonwealth units, due to their exceptional fighting ability, than Canadians did from other Commonwealth line troops. French-Canadians, however, had a somewhat dark reputation with Germans as bloodthirsty maniacs who didn’t take prisoners.

Why did the Soviets shoot German prisoners?

On Stalin and Beria’s orders, NKVD personnel made a point of brutally killing German prisoners as a way of encouraging German reprisals, and even sometimes killed Soviet civilians to blame on the Germans to encourage a cycle of atrocity and counter-atrocity between Russian and German troops, seeing this as a method to instil determination in a rather demoralised Red Army and a people who were understandably not especially enthusiastic about their own government. This served to further prove the National Socialist point of view among doubting German troops. Thus, the Leibstandarte’s War Diary records that in the Fall of 1941, a Soviet Commissar had two German prisoners propped up on poles from the Soviet entrenchments opposite them, and set on fire. As a consequence, the unit declined to take any Soviets prisoner for several weeks afterwards. Previous to this occasion, the Leibstandarte had ignored Hitler’s Commissar Order (all Commissars were to be shot), but this episode changed their mind. These sorts of events were typical, and shaped the German view of the war in the East. More fanatical and less educated Landser came to accept the view of the Russians as subhuman and animalistic, while better-educated ones tended to feel pity at people so brutalised and forced to fight for such an oppressive regime.

What did the Canadians do on D-Day?

Canadians helped write the book on urban warfare in Italy. They took their beach at Juno on D-Day and pushed farther inland than the British and Americans. Canadian artillery was top notch. Their armoured troops in their Shermans were ill equipped to face German panzers and tank destroyers but they never gave up.

How did the Germans differ from the Aussies?

At Amiens they took a mere fraction of the prisoners the Aussies did, despite having played somewhat similar roles in the battle. Fighting long and hard and losing your buddies driving towards a machine gun nest only to have the gunner throw up his hands and shout "comrade!" And show you pictures of his kids when you get there must not have gone over well!

What was the American arm that the Germans held in high esteem and dread?

The one American arm the Germans held in high esteem and dread was the artillery. American artillery, like that of the British, was known for being able to quickly mass devastating fire against German attacks. While it was not as quick as the British, it still had good response time, and good ability to coordinate fire from many dispersed batteries against a single target. Conversely, the ability of the Americans to call in such impressive fire support served to further diminish any respect for American infantry and armour. The Americans were seen as being nothing without their fire support. (And in fact, the US Army allocated it’s least mentally and physically fit recruits to the infantry; Stateside administrative personnel often being much better physical and mental specimens than the infantry, contrary to German practice.)

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