Treatment FAQ

how can drugs be used as prevention and treatment for malaria

by Kenna Haley III Published 2 years ago Updated 2 years ago
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To reduce the risk of drug resistance, drugs for malaria are often given in combination. This helps kill off the parasite by targeting it in more than one way. Common side effects from various malaria drugs include: Nausea.Jul 23, 2018

Symptoms

Causes

Prevention

Complications

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What preventions and treatments can be used for malaria?

Atovaquone/proguanil (Malarone), doxycycline, and mefloquine are the drugs of choice for malaria prevention in most malaria-endemic regions. Chloroquine (Aralen) may be used safely in all trimesters of pregnancy, and mefloquine may be used safely in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

Are drugs used for the treatment of malaria?

Medications. The most common antimalarial drugs include: Chloroquine phosphate. Chloroquine is the preferred treatment for any parasite that is sensitive to the drug.

What drugs can prevent or Minimise malaria?

Frequently prescribed preventative antimalarials include doxycycline, chloroquine and a combination of atovaquone and proguanil. However, some antimalarials can only be used in certain areas of the world because parasites are resistant to some drugs.

How do antimalarial drugs work?

Antimalarial medication works by killing the malaria parasites during their development stage in the liver and red blood cells. You need to begin taking your antimalarial before you enter the risk area to give it time to establish in your system.

What is a drug resistant malaria case how is it being managed?

In antimalarial chemotherapy, drug resistance is defined as "the ability of a parasite strain to survive and/or multiply despite the administration and absorption of a drug in doses equal to or higher than those usually recommended but within the limits of tolerance of the subject".

What is the best drug to prevent malaria?

Chloroquine phosphate or hydroxychloroquine sulfate (Plaquenil) can be used for prevention of malaria only in destinations where chloroquine resistance is not present (see Chapter 2, Yellow Fever Vaccine & Malaria Prophylaxis Information, by Country). Prophylaxis should begin 1–2 weeks before travel to malarious areas.

What are the causes and symptoms of malaria mention steps to prevent and control it?

Some people who have malaria experience cycles of malaria "attacks." An attack usually starts with shivering and chills, followed by a high fever, followed by sweating and a return to normal temperature. Malaria signs and symptoms typically begin within a few weeks after being bitten by an infected mosquito.

WHO malaria prevention strategies?

The WHO recommends strategies on how to prevent malaria transmission by controlling the mosquito population and on how to diagnose and treat malaria infections. There are two main prevention methods: Protective bed nets treated with long-lasting insecticides prevent bites from malaria-infected mosquitoes and kill them.

Special Populations

Vaccine Development

Medically reviewed by
Dr. Rakshith Bharadwaj
Symptoms
If you or someone you know is exhibiting symptoms of Malaria, seek medical attention immediately.

Common symptoms include:

  • High fever
  • Shaking chills that can range from moderate to severe
  • Profuse sweating
  • Headache
  • Abdominal pain
  • Muscle pain
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Anemia
  • Deep breathing and respiratory distress
  • Clinical jaundice and evidence of vital organ dysfunction
  • Impaired consciousness
  • Bloody stools
  • Convulsions
  • Coma

Causes

  • It is caused by a microscopic parasite which is transmitted by mosquitoes when they bite
  • Rarely the parasite can be transmitted by:
  • Organ transplant
  • Blood transfusion

Prevention

Only way to prevent infection is to prevent mosquitoe bites:

Use insecticides:

  • Applying insecticide can kill adult mosquitoes

Sleeping nets:

  • Sleep under nets, to prevent mosquito bites.
  • Sleeping nets treated with insecticides are recommended in areas where malaria and mosquitoes are endemic with particular importance for pregnant women and young children who are particularly vulnerable.

Cover your body:

  • Try to minimize body exposure by wearing long pants and long sleeved shirts
  • Mosquitoes are more active from dusk to dawn care should be taken during these times.

Apply creams or sprays:

  • Mosquito repellent creams or sprays are available
  • These can keep the mosquitoes away

Complications

If untreated, it may lead to complications such as:

Cerebral malaria:

  • Swelling of your brain or brain damage may occur, in some cases of malaria.
  • Cerebral malaria may cause coma.

Breathing problems:

  • Accumulated fluid in your lungs (pulmonary edema) can make it difficult to breathe.

Organ failure:

  • Malaria can cause your kidneys or liver to fail, or spleen to rupture.
  • Any of these conditions can be life-threatening.

Anemia:

  • Malaria damages red blood cells, which can result in anemia.

Low blood sugar:

  • Very low blood sugar can result in coma or death.
  • It is caused due to side effect of malarial medication

What are the treatment options?
What diet is recommended?
How is this diagnosed?

Drug Development

Diagnostics

Vector Management Approaches

  • Malaria has a significant impact on the health of infants, young children, and pregnant women worldwide. More than 800,000 African children under the age of five die of malaria each year. Malaria also contributes to malnutrition in children, which indirectly causes the death of half of all children under the age of five throughout the world. Fifty million pregnant women throughout th…
See more on niaid.nih.gov

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