Advancement of nanotechnology offers a potential new heating method for hyperthermia by using nanoparticles which is termed as magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). In MFH, superparamagnetic nanoparticles dissipate heat through Néelian and Brownian relaxation in the presence of an alternating magnetic field.
What are the features of the nanoparticle heating magnetic hyperthermia?
Nanoparticle Heating Magnetic Hyperthermia Neurological/Cancer Research Features: A. Heating Power: 5.0-12.0 KW /150-450 kHz B. Magnetic Power Intensity: (350-1400 Gauss / High SAR values) C. Round Heating Coils: 40- 130 mm
How are iron oxide nanoparticles used in hyperthermia therapy?
Although iron oxide nanoparticles are biocompatible, which makes them an efficient drug carrier for targeted therapy and for hyperthermia treatment, they are usually coated with biocompatible polymers, silica, or gold to protect them from oxidation before administration to patients for hyperthermia therapy.
Can metal nanoparticles be used to heat cancer cells?
Despite the use of hyperthermia to treat cancer for thousands of years, the challenge of only heating malignant cells remains daunting. In pre-clinical and early clinical trials, metal nanoparticles induce hyperthermic cytotoxicity when exposed to near-infrared radiation or radiofrequency fields.
What is hyperthermia?
Hyperthermic treatment, which involves heating tumor tissues to a moderate temperature of 40-43 … Magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia in cancer treatment: an emerging tool Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.
How do nanoparticles work in cancer treatment?
Specially designed nanoparticles deliver medicines like chemotherapy straight to the tumor. They don't release the medicine until they reach it. This stops the drugs from damaging healthy tissues around the tumor. That damage is what causes side effects.
How are nanoparticles used in treatment?
The advent of nanotechnology has revolutionized the arena of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticles (1–100 nm) can be used to treat cancer due to their specific advantages such as biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, more excellent stability, enhanced permeability and retention effect, and precise targeting.
How does magnetic hyperthermia work?
Magnetic hyperthermia aims to produce the local heating by a magnetically-mediated heating of low-frequency electromagnetic waves, through the power absorption by magnetic nanoparticles. This technique is one of the most important approaches to induce the local heating by low electromagnetic radiation.
What is magnetic fluid hyperthermia?
Magnetic fluid hyperthermia involves the conversion of heat from magnetic nanoparticles via magnetic energy loss in the presence of an external AMF [18,19]. The produced heat is sufficient to kill the cancer cells and subsequently to destroy the tumor.
How are nanomaterials used in medicine?
Nanomaterials have been widely used in medicine and pharmaceuticals because of their specific mechanical, optical and electrical behaviours. Nanomaterials are applied for the detection of biological molecules, imaging of diseased tissues and innovative therapeutics.
How is nanotechnology used in medicine?
Target specification Since different cell types have unique properties, nanotechnology can be used to “recognise” cells of interest. This allows associated drugs and therapeutics to reach diseased tissue while avoiding healthy cells.
How do you induce hyperthermia?
Abstract. Currently, there are three techniques used for delivery of whole-body hyperthermia. The simplest of these is direct contact between skin and some surrounding fluid. The surrounding fluid can be either water, wax, air, or other fluid medium; heat is transferred from the surrounding fluid to the body surface.
How is malignant hyperthermia treated?
The main treatment for malignant hyperthermia is a drug called dantrolene (Dantrium®). Anesthesiologists administer this drug immediately if they suspect malignant hyperthermia. They also stop giving the triggering anesthetic, and the surgeon ends the surgery as soon as possible.
How do we treat hyperthermia?
Some over-the-counter medications, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), can help bring down a fever. However, they would be ineffective in treating hyperthermia. Only a change in environment, rehydration, and external cooling efforts (such as cool water or ice packs on the skin) can reverse hyperthermia.
How can hyperthermia be used for targeted drug delivery in the tumor?
Using temperature-sensitive liposomes (TSLs) is one way to achieve this; the liposome acts as a protective carrier, allowing increased drug to flow through the bloodstream by minimizing clearance and non-specific uptake. On reaching microvessels within a heated tumor, the drug is released and quickly penetrates.
What is nanoparticle hyperthermia?
Nanoparticles in Cancer Hyperthermia. The use of nanoparticles in cancer heat therapy, referred to as Nano particle Hyperthermia, involves applying heat to tumors to attack cancer cells. This type of treatment can destroy cancer tumors with with minimal damage to the human body.
How to improve cancer hyperthermia?
A Survey of Methods using Nanoparticles to improve Cancer Hyperthermia. Using iron-oxide nanoparticles and a magnetic field to heat up cancer tumors has been shown to stimulate the immune system to fight cancer cells in other parts of the body.
What is targeted heat therapy?
Targeted heat therapy is being developed to destroy breast cancer tumors. In this method antibodies that are strongly attracted to proteins produced in one type of breast cancer cell are attached to nanotubes, causing the nanotubes to accumulate at the tumor.
How do nanoparticles help cancer?
Nanoparticles called AuroShells absorb infrared light from a laser, turning the light into heat.
What is the name of the nanoparticles that absorb infrared light?
Nanoparticles called AuroShells absorb infrared light from a laser, turning the light into heat. Researchers are reporting results from a clincal study using use of this technique to destroy tumors in prostate cancer patients. The company developing this technique is called Nanospectra.
Why do we use heat to kill cancer cells?
The heat both releases the chemotherapy drug and helps destroy the cancer cells. Researchers are using a photosensitizing agent to enhance the ability of drug carrying nanoparticles to enter tumors. First they let the photosensitizing agent accumulate in the tumor, then illuminate the tumor with infrared light.
How does hyperthermia work?
Hyperthermia is a therapeutic technique that acts heating the target cells with sufficient temperature to destroy them without harming adjacent cells or tissues . This technique is mainly used nowadays for cancer treatment as an alternative to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy because it is found to be safer with lower side effects and most importantly tumor cells are very sensitive to heat as compared with normal cells which facilitate the successful application of this technique ( McNamara and Tofail, 2015 ). Hyperthermia is applied by increasing body temperature to 40°C–43°C, which is considered to be injurious for cancer cells as compared with the normal noncancerous cells and the optimum effect of such technology on cancer is maintained when the tumor has been kept at 41°C for 1 hour ( Kennedy et al., 2011 ).
What temperature is used for superficial hyperthermia?
It is also known as superficial hyperthermia or external local hyperthermia, where it selectively heats tumor to a therapeutic temperature (39°C–45°C). The aim of this procedure is to target superficial tumors that are mainly invading skin or the nether layers, like those in lymph nodes. Heating is normally applied to a small area mainly by using a physical heating device like a microwave or radio wave and several types of applicators can be used here, all of them have similar major components such as the signal generator, amplifier, the applicator, bolus preceding the water path, and a feedback device.
What is hyperthermia in medical terms?
Hyperthermia is categorized either according to the method of heat application or based on the device being used for applying heat. According to the method of application, hyperthermia can be classified into local hyperthermia, regional deep hyperthermia, whole-body hyperthermia, perfusion hyperthermia, intraluminal and indocavity hyperthermia, and interstitial hyperthermia ( Fig. 11.3 ). The choice of hyperthermia type for use depends upon the location and the tumor size in the body. In all the methods, the temperature for both cancer tissues and the surrounding normal tissues must be continuously monitored in order not to exceed the acceptable limits.
What temperature is thermotolerance?
It affects the response to hyperthermia ( Dewhirst et al., 2003 ). As mentioned earlier, the recommended temperature for hyperthermia is reported to be 41°C–43°C, which is responsible for most of the physiological and immunological changes in tumor cells; high temperatures above 45°C can stimulate the overproduction of HSPs, which regulate this phenomenon ( Liu et al., 2015, Dewhirst et al., 2003 ). The occurrence of this phenomenon depends on the severity of the initial temperature exposure and the extent of time taken ( Dewhirst et al., 2003 ). Fortunately, thermotolerance is able to decay, if the patient is not exposed to heat again and it takes 48–80 hours to decay (Singh, 2015; Dewhirst et al., 2003 ).
What are the basic principles of hyperthermia?
Basic Principles of Hyperthermia. Hyperthermia depends on the principle of converting energy into heat; these energies are produced through many sources, but magnetic nanoparticles, RF, microwave, and laser wavelength are the most used techniques as shown in Fig. 11.1 ( McNamara and Tofail, 2015 ).
Is hyperthermia used for cancer?
Nowadays, hyperthermia is being used in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy to target malignant disease in most of the body sites, especially cervical cancer, malignant melanoma, recurrent breast cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, and bladder cancer ( Kok et al., 2015 ). 11.1.2. Basic Principles of Hyperthermia.
Is hyperthermia a cancer treatment?
In addition to being an alternative to the conventional thermal ablation and chemotherapy for cancer treatment, hyperthermia is considered as one of the choices for the treatment of arthritis, wounds, and pain.