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Age and developmental stages are assessed to determine if the client is at the expected level of growth and development, to plan care that is age and developmentally appropriate and to modify care as based on the age related characteristics and needs of our clients.
Full Answer
What are age and developmental stages?
Age and developmental stages are assessed to determine if the client is at the expected level of growth and development, to plan care that is age and developmentally appropriate and to modify care as based on the age related characteristics and needs of our clients.
What are the key treatment planning issues?
These treatment planning issues are distilled down into the following key areas: Patient and family education regarding trauma and the range of potential responses Self-management of symptoms via education, appropriate skill development and relapse prevention
How is a treatment plan developed?
After an integrative, holistic evaluation of the patients’ needs is conducted, a plan is developed to address those needs within the context of the individual’s unique developmental history and current circumstances and in a manner designed to maximize treatment effectiveness.
What are the age groups and their associated developmental tasks?
These age groups and their associated developmental tasks are: Infancy and Early Childhood: During this period of time the child develops the super ego, or conscience, and they also develop and maintain emotional stability and relationships with the members of their family unit and friends in their community.
What is a developmental approach in therapy?
Developmental counseling and therapy (DCT) is a counseling approach developed by Allen Ivey for understanding and helping people. It is based in theories of individual uniqueness, human growth and development, family and environmental systems, wellness, multicultural awareness, counseling and therapy, and change.
What is the developmental approach in psychology?
By Dr. Saul McLeod, updated 2017. Developmental psychology is a scientific approach which aims to explain growth, change and consistency though the lifespan. Developmental psychology looks at how thinking, feeling, and behavior change throughout a person's life.
What is an example of developmental psychology?
Developmental psychologists often utilize a number of theories to think about different aspects of human development. For example, a psychologist assessing intellectual development in a child might consider Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which outlined the key stages that children go through as they learn.
Does developmental level affect behavior?
Healthy accomplishment of the developmental tasks at these ages—such as secure attachment, emotional regulation, executive functioning, and appropriate conduct—is associated with both positive development and prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral problems over the long term.
What is the developmental stage?
Listen to pronunciation. (dee-VEH-lup-MEN-tul stayj) The physical, mental, and emotional stages a child goes through as he or she grows and matures.
Why is it important to understand the developmental stages?
The most important reason for monitoring each child's development is to determine whether a child's development is on track. Looking for developmental milestones is important to understanding each child's development and behavior. Milestones can help explain a child's behavior.
What are the 7 stages of development?
There are seven stages a human moves through during his or her life span. These stages include infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood and old age.
What are the 3 major issues in developmental psychology?
There are three major debates in the field of developmental psychology: (1) nature vs. nurture, (2) continuity vs. stages, and (3) stability vs. change.
What are two general issues that concern developmental psychologists?
Here are some of the basic questions within the realm of developmental psychology and what many psychologists today believe about these issues.Nature vs. Nurture.Early Experience vs. Later Experience.Continuity vs. Discontinuity.Abnormal Behavior vs. Differences.
What are potential risk factors associated with developmental issues?
Parent and family history and favourable attitudes to outcome behaviours (e.g., crime, violence, substance misuse, school failure, unemployment, obesity, mental illness) predict a range of adverse outcomes. These risk factors are often more common in disadvantaged communities.
How does developmental aspects influence each other?
For example, a child's ability to learn new information is influenced by his ability to interact appropriately with others and his ability to control his immediate impulses. Emotional, cognitive, social, and physical development are interrelated and influence each other.
How does mental health affect development?
Without early diagnosis and treatment, children with mental disorders can have problems at home, in school, and in forming friendships. Mental disorders can also interfere with a child's healthy development, causing problems that can continue into adulthood.
What are the stages of cognitive development?
Piaget studied the cognitive development of children and proposed four sequential stages in the development of thought processes. These stages are linear and hierarchical. They are also qualitatively different. The sensory motor stage is seen in the infant who experiences the world through the five senses: taste, touch, hearing, smell, and vision. The preoperational child begins to develop mental images to represent things that are not physically present. Lacking life experiences, these images are often incomplete or flawed. Young children, ages 7 to 11, begin to develop a concrete understanding of the world. This allows children to think logically rather than magically to explain events. Adolescents enter the final stage of development and are able to understand abstract concepts. They can imagine future events and think about and hypothesize consequences without needing to take action.
How do people deal with the changes and challenges of each life period?
How they deal with the changes and challenges of each life period becomes part of their life story. Each individual has strengths built through his or her experiences. Individuals also have some blind spots, or lack of awareness of the thoughts and feelings that keep them from living life to the fullest.
What are the four CED styles?
In DCT, four cognitive-emotional-developmental styles (CED) are defined, the sensorimotor, concrete, formal, and dialectic systemic CED styles. These are similar to Piaget’s four styles but differ in that they are not linear, not hierarchical, and not sequential. They cycle over the life span in response to new developmental transitions and life experiences. The CED styles are similar to Plato’s concepts in that they represent both observable external behaviors and the internal world of ideas.
What is DCT therapy?
Developmental counseling and therapy (DCT) is a counseling approach developed by Allen Ivey for understanding and helping people. It is based in theories of individual uniqueness, human growth and development, family and environmental systems, wellness, multicultural awareness, counseling and therapy, and change. DCT may be described as an integrative metatheory that incorporates other theories and counseling approaches in a systematic manner. As a consequence, it provides a means for counselors to assess their clients accurately and choose interventions most likely to assure successful counseling outcomes.
What is the DCT model?
Basic to the DCT model is a wellness approach and a search for what is right in client development. Counselors seek to help people grow in a positive manner over the life span. Changes and transitions are normal, yet even normal changes can create difficulties. People are often confused when a transition creates conflicting emotions such as joy and sadness. This is typical because with every transition, some new and desired things are gained, and some things are lost as well. For example, the birth of a new child is a joy to parents and a cause for celebration. The birth also brings a major change in the activities of each day. “Free” time may be lost as the needs of the child require the attention of parents.
What is DCT in philosophy?
DCT is grounded in multiple theories and in the philosophical writings of Plato and the research and applications of Jean Piaget. Both proposed four levels or styles of thinking that are linear and qualitatively different.
How do individuals change and grow over their life span?
Individuals change and grow over their life span. Their unique life experiences combine to create an exclusive life story for them. That story tells how they make sense of their life experiences and transitions. How they deal with the changes and challenges of each life period becomes part of their life story. Each individual has strengths built through his or her experiences. Individuals also have some blind spots, or lack of awareness of the thoughts and feelings that keep them from living life to the fullest.
Designing a program
We can incorporate more than two dozen evidence-based practices—all considered effective at promoting positive outcomes in children and adolescents with autism—into treatment ( explore many of them in this report from The National Professional Development Center on Autism Spectrum Disorder ).
Begin with a developmental assessment
Everyone on the autism spectrum faces a core challenge with social communication. Most positive long-term outcomes correlate with social and emotional competence.
Pre-symbolic children
For a pre-symbolic child with autism, there is often a clear preference for nonsocial stimuli and less social engagement. Therefore, the strongest predictors of language acquisition include the ability to initiate shared attention and the child’s frequency of spontaneous nonverbal communication.
Emerging language stages
For children who communicate with speech, pictures or other symbols, try using relational word combinations—made up of people’s names and actions—to express a range of social functions, such as requesting, commenting or sharing emotion.
Conversational children
Once creative and generative language emerges—verbally or through augmentative communication—the child’s ability to communicate effectively using social conventions becomes the strongest predictor of positive outcomes.
Author Notes
Emily Rubin, MS, CCC-SLP, is the director of the educational outreach program at the Marcus Autism Center, an affiliate of Emory University. She is an affiliate of ASHA Special Interest Group 1, Language Learning and Education. [email protected]
Why do staff members need to be educated about the age related changes and the age specific characteristics and needs of clients across
Staff members must be educated about the age related changes and the age specific characteristics and needs of clients across the life span so that they can modify the care of their client's accordingly.
When does Jean Piaget use cognitive development?
Jean Piaget's levels of cognitive development from birth until 12 years of age are used for the assessment of children up to this age, after which the cognitive development of the child is complete.
What age group is the neonate?
The age groups along the lifespan and their age parameters are: The neonate which is the first four weeks of life. The infant who is from four weeks old to one year old. The toddler who is from one to three years of age. The preschool child who is from three to five years of age.
How old is an adolescent?
The adolescent which ranges from thirteen to seventeen years of age. The young adult who is from eighteen to twenty five years of age. The adult which is defined as from twenty six to sixty five years of age and, lastly, The older adult who is over sixty five years of age.
What is the middle age?
Middle Age: This period of time is typically characterized with stability and the empty nest syndrome as well as major developmental changes like menopause and aging. Later Maturity: During later maturity, the person adjusts to retirement, aging and the loss of loved ones including spouses and friends.
How many opportunities to resolve conflict in the service of personal growth and development?
The authors propose eight opportunities to resolve conflict in the service of personal growth and development, which parallels Erikson’s eight stages. Vignettes from the authors’ experience, altered to preserve confidentiality, illustrate each stage.
What is Erikson's developmental model?
Some individuals have criticized Erikson’s model as not being sensitive to racial, gender or ethnic issues. While Erikson’s development al model was crafted by individuals of the white majority of the 1960s era, we believe that our recovery model translates to all individuals regardless of ethnic, religious, gender, racial or sexual orientation.
What is the first stage of recovery for a person with a mental illness?
For the person with a psychiatric disability, the first recovery stage, trust versus doubt , occurs at the onset of the disability and involves acceptance of the event of mental illness, as well as trust in the fundamental concept of recovery.
What are the stages of alcohol abuse?
The first two stages involve screening, case finding, and identification of a substance use disorder; an evaluation of the parameters of drinking behavior, signs, symptoms, and severity of alcohol dependence, and negative consequences of use; and formal diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence.
What is the primary goal of assessment?
Within the clinical context, the primary goal of assessment is to determine those characteristics of the client and his or her life situation that may influence treatment decisions and contribute to the success of treatment (Allen 1991). Additionally, assessment procedures are crucial to the treatment planning process.
What is client-treatment matching?
Client–treatment matching attempts to place the client in those treatments most appropriate to his or her needs. There are a number of dimensions on which treatments may vary and which need to be considered in attempting to make an appropriate referral or match (Marlatt 1988; W.R. Miller 1989 b; Institute of Medicine 1990; Donovan et al. 1994; Gastfriend and McLellan 1997). Among these dimensions are treatment setting (e.g., inpatient, residential, outpatient), treatment intensity, specific treatment modalities, and the degree of therapeutic structure. A number of possible variables may interact with these dimensions to lead to differential outcomes, making the clinician’s task more difficult.
What is Shiffman's theory of relapse proneness?
Shiffman (1989) suggested that three levels of information are necessary in order to gain a sense of the individual’s “relapse proneness,” and thus are relevant to treatment planning. These fall along a continuum of their proximity, in both time and influence, to the probability of relapse.
Is drinking behavior multidimensional?
Drinking behavior and alcohol problems are multidimensional. As such, it is often important to have a broad overview of the parameters of drinking, the expectancies that accompany and potentially maintain alcohol use, and the biopsychosocial aspects of the individual’s life that are affected by drinking (Donovan 1988). Assessments thus need to be relatively broad to capture the extent and complexity of the multiple facets of alcohol problems. This can be done by the use of instruments derived from a variety of assessment domains or that assess a broad range of factors within a single interview or questionnaire. A number of such instruments are reviewed in this section.
What is the advantage of cognitive development assessment?
The advantage of a cognitive-developmental assessment is the efficiency with which it captures essential characteristics of the child and the child's difficulty while usefully guiding intervention along a predictable path.
What can a child care worker use a chart for?
Child care workers can use the chart to reflect upon the behavioral presentation children make and. then use the suggested style to enact the cottage program or develop individualized interventions. The chart can be adapted for use as an in-house assessment tool.
Is child care good at recognizing behavior?
Consequently, child care workers are often good at recognizing behavior as developmentally ...
What is the aging path?
As adults move through the “new aged” stage, they share similar challenges, but in certain circumstances, Moll says, the aging path really starts to diverge. Although most people who reach older adulthood have some kind of health complaint, the “well-aged” (as Moll terms them) generally have minor or manageable conditions. They may have arthritis and other wear and tear, she explains, but they are as healthy as can be expected for their age group.
Why is it uncomfortable for counselors to explore late in life issues with older adults?
Catherine Roland, AADA’s representative to the ACA Governing Council and editor of Adultspan Journal, says it can be very uncomfortable for some counselors to explore late-in-life issues with older adult clients because it forces counselors to confront their own mortality, which can be a difficult process.
What do career counselors do for older adults?
One important task for career counselors is to show older adult clients how to reframe their experiences and work histories to match available positions , Feller says.
What are the common geriatric issues that a primary care provider sends to the medical school?
Primary care providers send aging adults with common geriatric issues such as dementia, depression, frequent falls and poor nutrition occurring with comorbid chronic illnesses such as obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure or diabetes to the medical school’s senior clinic for assessment.
Do older adults have to be in care?
Older adult clients may not currently be facing caregiving issues or having trouble transitioning into retirement, but there is one experience that everyone must eventually face: loss. Although that experience is certainly not restricted to the older adult population, it does become more common as people age.
Do aging adults need to work with their professional networks?
Instead, aging adults need to work with their professional and personal networks to connect with hiring managers. Meeting decision-makers face to face gives aging adults the opportunity to transcend being simply an “older résumé” by demonstrating their maturity and accumulated wisdom in person, Feller says.
What is PACC therapy?
The PACC approach views treatment as a series of phases rather thanas a single overall target or intervention. In general, it is only possibleto work on a limited number of problems at once. Some clients withrelatively straightforward and circumscribed problems may need onlyone phase of therapy, but more complicated clients will progressthrough several phases. Within each phase, the therapist (usually incollaboration with the client) defines aims that are to be the focus ofthat particular section of therapy, develops a measurement plan forthose aims, and specifies the intervention strategies to be used withinthe phase. See Figure 3.1 for a blank copy of the form we use for thisaspect of treatment planning.
How is task performance enhanced?
Task performance is greatly enhanced by setting goals related to thetask. This is one of the most robust and replicable findings in psychol-ogy (Locke, Shaw, Saari, & Latham, 1981). A client who works toward
Human Developmental Nature
The Developmental Counseling and Therapy Model
- Philosophical Foundations
DCT is grounded in multiple theories and in the philosophical writings of Plato and the research and applications of Jean Piaget. Both proposed four levels or styles of thinking that are linear and qualitatively different. - Plato
In the allegory of the cave, Plato explained the transition to enlightenment. A slave, chained in the dark with only candles for light, sees shadows on the walls. The slave creates stories to explain the shadows. After the slave emerges from the cave the true meaning of the shadows becomes …
Four Cognitive-Emotional-Developmental Styles
- The DCT model is based in a metaphorical interpretation of the theories of Plato and Piaget. These theories propose different ways of thinking and the development of thought processes. In DCT, four cognitive-emotional-developmental styles (CED) are defined, the sensorimotor, concrete, formal, and dialectic systemic CED styles. These are similar to Piaget’s four styles but …
Assessing Cognitive Styles
- Ivey developed the Standard Cognitive Developmental Interview (SCDI) to facilitate exploration and movement through the four cognitive styles. This is a structured, 1 hour or more, clinical assessment during which a particular issue or presenting problem is explored in considerable depth. The assessment is unique in that it is at once an assessment, an intervention, and the fou…
Treatment Planning Using The DCT Model
- The DCT assessment interview is often a therapeutic experience that begins the change process. Identification of the rule is tantamount to an “a-ha!” experience in which the client learns the reasons underlying automatic behaviors, or blind spots. Empowerment to change occurs in concert with the commitment to continue exploration in counseling. Consistent with a philosoph…
DCT Applications and Research
- DCT has been used successfully with children, adolescents, and adults of all ages. It is effective and appropriate for a wide range of client populations and issues, and is useful for teaching counseling skills and for supervision in the acquisition of those skills.
Identifying Expected Physical, Cognitive and Psychosocial Stages of Development
- Age and developmental stages are assessed to determine if the client is at the expected level of growth and development, to plan care that is age and developmentally appropriate and to modify care as based on the age related characteristics and needs of our clients. These assessments include the physical, cognitive and psychosocial stages of growth...
Identifying Family Structures and Roles of Family Members
- Family structures are numerous and becoming more numerous and varied than any other time in the past. These family structures are discussed below: 1. The Traditional Nuclear Family: This family structure consists of biological children and two marred parents of different genders. 1. The Nuclear Family: This family structure consists of two marred parents of a different gender a…
Assessing The Impact of Change on The Family System
- Families, like all other open systems within the environment including individual clients, are impacted with changes. Some of these changes are expected and developmentally normal and other changes are unexpected and often disruptive to the homeostasis of the family. For example, a family system can be impacted with the empty nest syndrome which is an expected and devel…
Recognizing Cultural and Religious Influences That May Impact Family Functioning
- Similar to individual clients, families also have their own beliefs, practices, perspectives, values and views, some of which are present as the result of their culture, while others may be related to their religion and still more may just simply result from the family's personal preferences. Culture impacts on virtually all aspects of the client-nurse relationship. For example, communication pat…
Assisting The Client to Cope with Life Transitions
- Throughout the life span, there are several significant expected life transitions that require the person to cope and adjust. Some of these expected life transitions include attachment and bonding to the neonate, puberty, pregnancy, care of the newborn, parenting, and retirement. Nurses and other health care professionals assist clients to adapt to and cope with these norma…
Modifying Approaches to Care in Accordance with The Client's Developmental Stage
- As somewhat previously discussed with the "Integrated Process: Communication" and the "Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning", communication and teaching are modified according to the client's age, level of cognition, and developmental stage. Physical care, including medication administration, as will be discussed later in this review, is also modified according t…
Determining The Impact of Expected Body Image Changes on The Client
- In addition to the physical aspects of body image changes, there are also social and emotional impacts with these changes. With the support of the health care team, the client should be able to adapt to the changes, alter his or her life style as indicated, discard irrational beliefs and replace these with realistic expectations, maintain social interactions, and enhance the bodily image wit…
Evaluating The Impact of Expected Body Image Changes on The Client and Family
- Body image changes such as those associated with aging, pregnancy, menopause, disfiguring surgery, and others place challenges upon the client and the family in terms of coping and adaptation. Some of the signs that indicate whether or not the client is coping with altered bodily image include the client's acknowledgment of the changes as well as verbal and nonverbal com…