data based journal article where diversity affects autism treatment

This disparity inevitably affects autism diagnosis and treatment. Research in the last decade has found that black and Hispanic children are more likely than white children to experience undiagnosed autism, and to have their autism diagnosed later.

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What are The racial predilections of autism spectrum disorder?

Disparities also exist in the availability of and access to ASD treatment services: children from lower socioeconomic status background receive fewer hours of ASD treatment services (Nguyen et al. 2016), and African American and Latino children experience a lag between diagnosis and …

What challenges do students with multicultural backgrounds and autism face?

Aug 02, 2019 · Cultural Diversity And Its Effect On Autism Diagnosis. Most people tend to think about their world and their experiences through an ethno-centric lens, viewing other people and …

How do multicultural families adapt to raising a child with autism?

May 02, 2013 · Autism it is a complex neurological disorder that impedes or prevents effective verbal communication, effective social interaction, and appropriate behavior (American …

Does maternal race/ethnicity and Nativity influence childhood autistic disorder in minority groups?

Apr 01, 2016 · Another behavior that is used in diagnosing autism is how a child interacts and plays with an unfamiliar adult. But this, too, varies according to culture. In many communities, …

What is the CDC report on autism?

CDC scientists published a report on the prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among 4-year-old children. New CDC funding will expand knowledge about children with autism spectrum disorder.

What are developmental milestones?

Skills, such as taking a first step, smiling for the first time, and waving “bye-bye,” are called developmental milestones. From birth to 5 years, your child should reach milestones in how he or she plays, learns, speaks, acts and moves. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) continues to affect many children and families.

When should a child reach milestones?

From birth to 5 years, your child should reach milestones in how he or she plays, learns, speaks, acts and moves. (Published: October 5, 2020) New ASD prevalence numbers show gaps are closing, but more work is needed. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) continues to affect many children and families.

Is autism a social deficit?

When it comes to autism diagnosis, there is a very heavy focus on western ideals of what might be considered a social deficit. This isn’t on purpose, but it stems from the fact that much of the autism research in the world is being done by western researchers.

What are the concerns of parents with autism?

Parents are concerned with their child’s health, development, social limitations, motor functions and future independence and these things are not bound to culture. If it seems that an autism diagnosis is appropriate, it’s a good idea to speak to a medical professional. Your doctor will be able to refer you to a professional that’s both aware of the cultural diversity concerns of your family and provide an accurate autism diagnosis.

How does culture affect autism?

Culture plays a role in the diagnosis of autism, and it plays a role in a families’ acceptance of a child with autism and their acceptance of a treatment modality. In terms of child rearing, Trembath, Balandin, and Rossi (2005) indicate that minority families tend to teach their children to work interdependently within groups, cooperate, and comply when needed. Majority families tend to teach their children to be self-directed learners who are independently oriented and socially interactive ( Sue & Sue, 2008; Trembath, Balandin, & Rossi, 2005 ). These values are often reflected in the avenues for help the families pursue and in the values they teach their children.

What are the causes of autism?

The development of autism as a diagnosis has not been without great social and cultural debate. Mothers and childhood vaccines are two topics that have been researched as plausible causes for the disorder. A long-held belief about the cause of autism initially came from Kanner’s term, “refrigerator mother,” and was later popularized by Dr. Bruno Bettelheim. Bettleheim’s research blamed mothers for their children’s difficulty speaking, atypical behavior, and rigid rituals. The “refrigerator mother” withheld affection and was emotionally frigid; her cold and detached behavior and inability to nurture her child were thought to cause autism ( Autism Epicenter, 2008-2011 ). As time passed, Dr. Bettelheim’s theory was refuted, because it relied too much on the belief that the parents of children with autism had perverse personality characteristics that had not been systematically observed ( Schreibman, 2005 ).

What are some questions to ask about autism?

One tool to help professionals understand family beliefs about autism, treatment, and family expectations is a rubric developed by Levy et al. (as cited in Mandell & Novak, 2005 ). Questions such as these address the diversity that is a part of each family: 1 What did you call your child’s problem before it was diagnosed? 2 What do you think caused it? 3 Why do you think it started when it did? 4 What do you think autism does? How does it work? 5 How severe is it? Will it have a short or long course? 6 What are the chief problems your child’s autism has caused? 7 What do you fear most about it? 8 What kind of treatment do you think your child should receive? What do you expect from this treatment? (p. 113)

What is the defining characteristic of autism?

The defining characteristic of autism is impairment in social and communicative development; this factor makes ASD different from other neurodevelopmental conditions like mental retardation, learning disabilities, and language disorders ( Bregman, 2005; Durand, 2005 ).

What is the Respectful model of counseling?

The RESPECTFUL model of counseling is a framework that helps counselors explore markers of cultural identity that are salient for their clients ( Lewis, Lewis, Daniels, & D’Andrea, 2003 ). Though not an exhaustive list, the use of this model invites counselors and others to consider the following 10 cultural points (pp. 9–17): R—religious/spiritual identity; to include the manner in which individuals identify with formal and informal transcendental forces; E—economic class background; to note the impact of class on one’s cultural perspective; S—sexual identity; acknowledges gender identity and roles, as well as one’s sexual orientation; P—level of psychological maturity; includes differences in psychological development; E—ethnic/racial identity; involves an exploration of intragroup and intergroup variations; C—chronological/developmental challenges; considers generational diversity from birth though old age; T—various forms of trauma and other threats to one’s sense of well-being; considers the impact of various forms of stress upon one’s psyche; F—family background and history; the personal sense of one’s family constellation; U—unique physical characteristics; understanding how societal images can marginalize those who are physically different from idealized norms; and L—location of residence and language differences; how one is situated in terms of geographical locale and linguistic variations.

Who is Sandra Waxman?

Sandra Waxman is the Louis W. Menk Professor in Psychology at Northwestern and a Faculty Fellow at Northwestern's Institute for Policy Research. Topics: Feinberg School of Medicine, Inequality, Institute for Policy Research, Perspective. Back to top.

Is eye contact a sign of disrespect?

In most European-American families, children are encouraged to make eye contact with others, but this is not universal. In other cultures or communities, establishing direct eye contact is considered a sign of disrespect, especially in children interacting with adults. Dr.

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Abstract

Selection of a special education evidence-based practice (EBP) requires developing an understanding of what interventions work as well as for whom they are effective.

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• Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014 MMWR Surveillance Summary. April 2018. Baio J, Wiggins L, Christensen DL, Maenner MJ, Daniels J, Warren Z, Kurzius-Spencer M, Zahorodny W, Robinson Rosenberg C, White T, Durkin MS, Imm P, Nikol...

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