What are some criticisms of ADHD and psychiatry?
There are also many issues of quality control. Medicine is hard, and keeping quality standards high is challenging. So there are many legitimate criticisms of ADHD and psychiatry, but that does not mean ADHD is a fraud. The scientific evidence, both clinical and neuroscience, is robust.
What is the first drug used to treat ADHD?
The first approved drug used to treat ADHD was benzedrine in 1936. Ritalin, which is still used to treat the disorder, was approved in 1955. Here is the official DSM diagnosis: A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development
Is behavior therapy or medication better for ADHD in children?
For children 6 years of age and older, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends both behavior therapy and medication as good options, preferably both together. For young children (under 6 years of age) with ADHD, behavior therapy is recommended as the first line of treatment, before medication is tried.
Should I give my Child ADHD medication?
Pros and cons of ADHD medication. Medication helps many children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but it's not a cure-all, as our survey of 934 parents revealed. We found that most of the families turned to medication—84 percent at some point.
Which of the following is the least advanced encoding method quizlet?
Child Development; 1QuestionAnswerWhich of the following is the least advanced encoding method?rehearsalThere is evidence that learners may need how many high quality exposures to new material before they will remember it?tree170 more rows
What is the information processing component that directs attention and suppresses responses?
The information processing component that directs attention and suppresses response is: working memory.
Which one of the following statements best describes the view of early behaviorists about how learning can best be studied?
Which one of the following statements best describes the view of early behaviorists about how learning can best be studied? The study of learning will be more objective and scientific if only observable events are considered. Learning processes occurring within the organism cannot be studied scientifically.
Which of the following is a protective factor for antisocial behavior?
Of the neuropsychological factors reviewed here, IQ is the best-replicated protective factor against antisocial behavior and appears to have both buffering and direct protective effects.
How does information processing theory aid our understanding of children's learning?
Information processing theory is an approach to cognitive development studies that aims to explain how information is encoded into memory. It is based on the idea that humans do not merely respond to stimuli from the environment. Instead, humans process the information they receive.
What is the importance of information processing skills and how does it affect the child's cognitive development?
This expanding information processing capacity allows young children to make connections between old and new information. For example, children can use their knowledge of the alphabet and letter sounds (phonics) to start sounding out and reading words.
What aspect of psychology was the behaviorist approach to psychology a reaction to?
In part, what aspect of psychology was the behaviorist approach to psychology a reaction to? Behaviorists studied objectively observable behavior partly in reaction to the psychologists of the mind who were studying things that were not directly observable.
What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective?
Behaviorism focuses on the idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment. This learning theory states that behaviors are learned from the environment, and says that innate or inherited factors have very little influence on behavior.
Which perspective emphasizes the role of learning and environmental events such as stimuli to explain behavior?
The Behaviorist Approach. Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning which states all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment through a process called conditioning. Thus, behavior is simply a response to environmental stimuli.
What are protective and risk factors?
Risk factors are characteristics at the biological, psychological, family, community, or cultural level that precede and are associated with a higher likelihood of negative outcomes. Protective factors are characteristics associated with a lower likelihood of negative outcomes or that reduce a risk factor's impact.
What are risk and protective factors in child development?
Key protective factors include mothers having at least some secondary school education, better home circumstances, and healthy birth weight, and key risk factors include maternal anaemia in pregnancy, poor maternal health (such as HIV), and maternal mental health problems.
What are some of the risk and protective factors associated with juvenile delinquency?
These factors include parenting, mal- treatment, family violence, divorce, parental psychopathology, familial anti- social behaviors, teenage parenthood, family structure, and family size. Inadequate parenting practices are among the most powerful predictors of early antisocial behavior (e.g., Hawkins et al., 1998).
My Child Has been Diagnosed With Adhd – Now What?
When their child is diagnosed with ADHD, parents often have concerns about deciding the best way to help their child. It is important for parents t...
Behavior Therapy, Including Training For Parents
Research shows that behavior therapy is an important part of treatment for children with ADHD. ADHD affects not only a child’s ability to pay atten...
Parent Education and Support
CDC funds the National Resource Center on ADHD (NRC), a program of Children and Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD) The NR...
What Every Parent Should Know…
Children with ADHD might be eligible for special services or accommodations at school under the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDE...
Why is behavior therapy important for ADHD?
For young children with ADHD, behavior therapy is an important first step before trying medication because: Parent training in behavior management gives parents the skills and strategies to help their child. Parent training in behavior management has been shown to work as well as medication for ADHD in young children.
What are the best ways to treat ADHD?
To find the best options, it is recommended that parents work closely with others involved in their child’s life —healthcare providers, therapists, teachers, coaches, and other family members. Types of treatment for ADHD include. Behavior therapy, including training for parents; and. Medications.
How old do you have to be to get ADHD treatment?
Treatment recommendations for ADHD. For children with ADHD younger than 6 years of age, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends parent training in behavior management as the first line of treatment, before medication is tried. For children 6 years of age and older, the recommendations include medication and behavior therapy together — ...
What is the goal of behavior therapy?
The goals of behavior therapy are to learn or strengthen positive behaviors and eliminate unwanted or problem behaviors. Behavior therapy for ADHD can include. Parent training in behavior management; Behavior therapy with children; and. Behavioral interventions in the classroom. external icon.
What is the CDC's ADHD program?
CDC funds the National Resource Center on ADHD (NRC), a program of Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD). The NRC provides resources, information, and advice for parents on how to help their child. Learn more about the services of the NRC#N#external icon#N#.
How does ADHD affect children?
Behavior Therapy, Including Training for Parents. ADHD affects not only a child’s ability to pay attention or sit still at school, it also affects relationships with family and other children. Children with ADHD often show behaviors that can be very disruptive to others.
How long does ADHD last?
ADHD in Adults. ADHD lasts into adulthood for at least one-third of children with ADHD 1. Treatments for adults can include medication, psychotherapy, education or training, or a combination of treatments.
What was the first drug to be used for ADHD?
The first approved drug used to treat ADHD was benzedrine in 1936. Ritalin, which is still used to treat the disorder, was approved in 1955. Here is the official DSM diagnosis: A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.
What is the executive function of ADHD?
The frontal lobes carry out many critical functions, some considered executive functions: they include being able to focus your attention, maintain focus, switch among tasks, filter out distractions, and impulse control. Executive function includes the ability to weigh the probable outcomes of your behavior and then make high-level decisions about how you will behave.
How do you know if you have ADHD after a head trauma?
Patients frequently develop the symptoms of ADHD after frontal head trauma. They have poor focus, and poor impulse control. In one dramatic case a patient’s entire personality changed. She lost all ability to control or moderate her behavior ( as have others ).
What percentage of kids don't have dopamine?
Every child who’s not doing well in school is sent to see a pediatrician, and the pediatrician says: “It’s ADHD; here’s Ritalin.”. In fact, 90 percent of these 5.4 million kids don’t have an abnormal dopamine metabolism. The problem is, if a drug is available to doctors, they’ll make the corresponding diagnosis.
Is ADHD a fraud?
The answer has important implications for many individuals and for society. The diagnosis is accepted as legitimate by the psychiatric profession, but continues to have its vehement critics. Recently, noted psychologist Jerome Kagan has been giving tremendous weight to these criticisms by calling ADHD mostly a fraud.
Can ADHD be seen on an MRI?
You cannot see ADHD on an MRI scan of the brain, an EEG, or a blood test. This is not unusual in medicine, especially for brain disorders. The same is true, for example, of migraine headaches. It is entirely a clinical diagnosis. This, by itself, should not call the diagnosis into question.
Is dopamine metabolism a core feature of ADHD?
This may be playing a role in some subtypes of ADHD. It is not a core feature of ADHD, however, and the evidence is still very preliminary.
What are the two types of medications used for ADHD?
Two classes of medication are available for treating ADHD: Stimulant medications, such as dextroamphetamine-based drugs (Adderall, Vyvanese) and methylphenidate-based drugs (Concerta, Daytrana, Ritalin). They are also available as generics. Nonstimulant medication, such as the antidepressant bupropion (Wellbutrin and generic) ...
How satisfied are parents with ADHD medications?
Taking all this into consideration, how satisfied are parents with medications their children are taking for ADHD? Overall, only 41 percent were highly satsfied (16 percent were "completely satisfied" and 25 percent were "very satisfied"). About one-third (29 percent) were dissatisfied and the remainder were fairly satisfied (30 percent). There were no differences in overall satisfaction between those groups trying amphetamines or methylphenidates.
How long does ADHD last?
But there is no good evidence showing that these benefits last longer than about two years , and the long-term consequences of taking stimulants for years on end have not been fully evaluated in studies.#N#Fortunately, many children with ADHD—even when they are not treated—improve as they reach the teenage years and early 20s. But the disorder can persist into adolescence and adulthood about 30 percent to 70 percent of the time.#N#All of the ADHD stimulant medicines have been linked to rare cases of heart attack, stroke, and sudden death, so children should first be evaluated for underlying heart problems.#N#The severity of symptoms and abnormal behavior patterns in children and teenagers with ADHD varies widely. Diagnosis, too, can be quite subjective, varying from doctor to doctor. Because diagnosis of the condition can be difficult, and a variety of medical and psychiatric disorders can cause symptoms that mimic ADHD, many children and teenagers taking medication might not have ADHD or have only mild symptoms that do not require it. Be sure to get a diagnosis from a physician or mental-health professional with expertise in ADHD and a second opinion if you have doubts. Even if your child meets the criteria for ADHD, he or she might not need a drug. A pediatrician can refer you to a mental-health specialist (some specialize in ADHD), who should begin by ruling out other possible reasons for the behavior.#N#The most effective strategy for treating ADHD consists of more than one approach. There is some evidence that the combination of behavioral therapy with medication can work better than drugs alone for some children. But behavior therapy alone does not work for all children, especially those who have severe symptoms.#N#As with most disorders for which multiple medications are available, there are no definitive comparison studies to show which ones work best in specific circumstances, according to Michael L. Goldstein, M.D., a child neurologist with Western Neurological Associates in Salt Lake City, and a former vice president of the American Academy of Neurology.#N#Two classes of medication are available for treating ADHD:
How old were children when they were prescribed medication?
The average age of the children who had tried medication was 13, while the average age of those who had never tried medication was 10.
How often should a child be reassessed?
A complete re-evaluation with the family and input from others (including teachers) should be considered every year, although waiting two to three years is common.
Can ADHD be a mild condition?
Because diagnosis of the condition can be difficult, and a variety of medical and psychiatric disorders can cause symptoms that mimic ADHD, many children and teenagers taking medication might not have ADHD or have only mild symptoms that do not require it.
Is medication good for ADHD?
Medication helps many children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but it's not a cure-all, as our survey of 934 parents revealed. We found that most of the families turned to medication—84 percent at some point. And more than half of the children in our survey had tried two or more medications in the past three years.
Why is medication reconciliation important?
Medication reconciliation is a major component of safe patient care in any environment.
What factors contribute to a lack of a complete medication reconciliation?
A multitude of factors—such as patients’ lack of knowledge of their medications, physician and nurse workflows, and lack of integration of patient health records across the continuum of care —all contribute to a lack of a complete medication reconciliation, which in turn creates the potential for error.
How does patient acuity influence reconciliation?
For example, a patient admitted for trauma may result in cursory data gathering about the medication history. Alternatively, a patient with numerous comorbidities may stimulate gathering a more complete list of current medications.
What is electronic prescribing?
Additionally, electronic prescribing allows for key fields such as drug name, dose, route, and frequency. Electronic prescribing also allows for decision support such as checking for allergies, double prescribing, and counteracting medications. Evidence-Based Practice Implications.
Is there a standardization for medication reconciliation?
In general, there is no standardization of the process of medication reconciliation, which results in tremendous variation in the historical information gathered, sources of information used, comprehensiveness of medication orders, and how information is communicated to various providers across the continuum of care.7.
What Is ADHD?
Neuroanatomical Correlates
- Despite the fact that ADHD is a fuzzy clinical entity, we have made progress in understanding what is happening in the brain of most people with ADHD. The current consensus is that ADHD is a deficit of executive functions. The frontal lobes carry out many critical functions, some considered executive functions: they include being able to focus your attention, maintain focus, …
Jerome Kagan’s Criticism
- Jerome Kagan is a preeminent psychologist. This gives his opinions about a psychological topic a great deal of weight. The press loves him because he has a sensational story to tell and he has impeccable credential. Articles about Kaganoften spend an entire paragraph or two touting those credentials. Unfortunately this is a common mistake that mainstream journalists make when dis…
A Kernel of Truth
- We often take a sharply critical approach to medical science here at SBM. Self-criticism is critical to improvement. That is the essence of science itself, it is designed for error correction through self-criticism. Our nuanced position is that science basically works, but there is a lot of room for improvement. Enemies of science, however, or those with a specific ideological axe to grind, us…