Why do researchers tend to find evidence that their preferred form of therapy?
A clinician who uses research to select the most effective form of treatment is practicing _____ psychotherapy antidepressant Ted wants to learn about the effects of the drug Prozac.
How do Clinicians choose the right treatment for each patient?
Aug 11, 2015 · A clinician who uses research to select the most effective form of treatment is practicing _____ psychotherapy. a. eclectic b. outcome based c. evidence-based d. epidemiological Answer: c.
What is wrong with this line of research on therapy?
Jun 26, 2017 · Research settings often rely on trainees in various disciplines and specialties; however, therapists in clinical trials are selected for their expertise and may be removed from the study if they cannot deliver the treatment skillfully . In clinical settings, there often is a combination of providers with different specialties and levels of training that can create …
What is the purpose of making a diagnosis Quizlet?
Jan 01, 2016 · The objectives of this paper are to: 1) briefly review the development of Systematic Treatment Selection (STS) within the context of the history of psychotherapy research; 2) identify the primary assumptions and research methods used in this approach compared to more conventional models; 3) describe the measures and methods used to test the model; and 4) …
What is the best evidence for research?
The best research evidence refers to data from meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, effectiveness studies, and process studies, as well as information obtained from single-case reports, systematic case studies, qualitative and ethnographic research, and clinical observation.
Who defined evidence based medicine?
The term was first formally defined by Sackett, often viewed as the father of this movement, and his colleagues in 1996. They stated, evidence-based medicine is the “conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients” [16].
When was evidence based medicine first used?
The term “evidence-based” was first used by Eddy in 1987 in his workshops on designing clinical practice guidelines in medicine. In the 1990s, the phrase began to be used in relation to a clinical decision-making approach informed by published findings [13–15].
When did evidence based medicine become a hot topic?
Yet evidence-based practice (EBP; i.e., evidence-based treatment) did not became a “hot topic” in medicine until the 1990s, as attention began to be paid to the value of using evidence-based medicine to support decision-making in practice, educational, and policy contexts.
Is evidence based psychotherapy effective?
Evidence-based psychotherapies have been shown to be efficacious and cost-effective for a wide range of psychiatric conditions. Psychiatric disorders are prevalent worldwide and associated with high rates of disease burden, as well as elevated rates of co-occurrence with medical disorders, which has led to an increased focus on ...
What is empirically supported treatment?
What are empirically supported treatments (EST)? It is assumed by most who would hear this term, that these treatments are based on rigorous empirical support. However, in reality the term has been defined to restrict evidence of efficacy to studies that have applied a RCT methodology. Accordingly, it is assumed that only this methodology will allow one to construct causal chains by which treatment can be seen to produce change. This is an overstatement of the value of RCTs as applied to psychotherapy research and an understatement of the role of other scientific methods to determine causal chains. However, while RCTs have provided clinical psychology with the assurance that psychotherapy works and is better than nothing, a reliance on this one methodology introduces limitations in clinical decision making ( Beutler & Forrester, 2014 ). In reality, the use of RCTs in psychotherapy have had to be modified to eliminate many of advantages of randomization. For example, in pharmacological research, neither the patient nor the clinician is aware of the treatment being offered. This kind of control is necessary to preserve the value of the randomization process. But, in psychotherapy, it is impossible for the principle participants to be blind to the treatment used. Likewise, in pharmacological research, each element of the treatment can be randomized, but in psychotherapy where the treatment is embodied within the persons giving and receiving it, the task of randomization is out of the question. Can one randomly assign therapists to different belief systems? Is culture a random event? Are preferences capable of being randomized across samples of patients and therapists? Yet all of these factors are embedded in the participants within psychotherapy and constitute aspects of the “treatment”. Clearly, not all—and maybe not even many--aspects of treatment can be randomly assigned to therapists and patients.
When did psychotherapy start?
Psychotherapy research has an extensive history that extends to the early 1900's. And through most of this history, eclectic and integrative approaches have been part of the scene. Even the early common factors approach to psychotherapy has been touted as an integrated approach to psychotherapy.
What is STS in therapy?
The STS is a prototype of Integrative Therapy that is based on the identification and application of multiple empirically derived principles of change that reflect the role of mediators as well as the moderating effects that comprise therapy fit. This model is founded upon the argument that no particular treatment model works well universally, across all patients, and most interventions work well on some patients ( Beutler & Harwood, 2002 ). Logically, therefor, if the therapy environment and procedures can be tailored to each patient, higher improvement rates should be observed. However, it is also acknowledged that by defining psychotherapy broadly to include external moderators and mediators in addition to interventions, the parameters of influence, cannot be established if one relies solely on a single research methodology. RCT, widely considered the “gold standard” for validating psychotherapeutic influences accounts for a relatively small percentage of the change occurring among treated patients and has failed to illucidate clear differences in efficacy when RCT based therapies are compared to treatments as usual or even with one another ( Norcross and Lambert, 2006, Wampold, 2001 ). These failures alone underline the conclusion that other factors besides interventions and diagnosis alone inform optimal psychotherapy outcomes. Thus, multiple methods designed to reveal unveil effects are required to adequately test psychotherapy. We have reviewed three studies with diverse methodologies, all of which converge on similar results and offer these convergences as examples of how such studies can reveal causal chains.
What is the second step in the STS system?
The second step in the process of developing the STS system was to identify common and specific characteristics of treatment whose effects are moderated by patient qualities. This step included the initial efforts to identify and measure distinguishing and resulted in the development of profiles that distinguished among treatments and sub-types of Cognitive Therapy. In addition to treatment factors that emerged in the literature reviews (e.g., Beutler et al., 2000, Castonguay and Beutler, 2006 ), efforts to define characteristics of treatment that distinguish different models of treastment, we also sought to develop treatment profiles.
What is the methodology of STS?
The methodology of STS was developed by the application of Aptitude Treatment Interaction (ATI) research designs which center on identifying client variables that mediate (i.e., facilitate) and moderate (i.e., differentially facilitate) the effects of interventions ( Beutler and Clarkin, 1990, Beutler et al., 2000 ). The STS principles which are encompassed in identifying the obptimal “FIT” of treatment for a particular patient, is highly dependent upon having a reliable and valid measure of: a) the patient's standing on the critical dimensions that mediate or moderate treatment, b) the active ingredients of the treatment as it is applied, and 3) outcome. Achieving the measurement tools required, proceeded in four steps, each one of which was linked closely to the derivation of factors that constitute Optimal Fit and Meaningful Change.
What are the four epochs of integrative psychotherapy?
These epochs began with the search for common healing factors (Epoch #1) and then progressed to the exploration of tailoring the use of patient specific procedures or “technical eclecticism” (Epoch #2). The third epoch saw the introduction of integration/eclecticism as a formal school ( Lazurus, 1967 ), and in turn, the differentiation of eclecticism and integrationism. With these changes, there was a return to “schools” (Epoch #4) with a focus on finding evidence based treatments that reliably produced change. It is during this epoch of change, that the field of integrative psychotherapy has achieved a degree of formality as a distinct approach, as interest in it has been shown to be durable and stable.
Is selecting the most appropriate treatment for each patient a nebulous and unreliable task?
However, selecting the most appropriate treatment for each patient can be a nebulous and unreliable task, varying by the clinician's biases and theoretical training and with uncertain or unmeasured results. There are different ways to identify and select a particular treatment course.
What is client assessment?
In a client assessment, clinicians must integrate client personal details and create a meaningful picture of the client from an array of information including the client's personality traits, behavior patterns, and environmental demands.
What does it mean when a patient has a lot of unresolved anger?
Several clinicians look at the TAT results of a hospitalized patient. The patient described the characters on the card as not speaking to each other. One clinician says this means the patient has a lot of unresolved anger. Another says it means the patient has a lot of social anxiety.
Is assessment a subjective process?
The evaluation of assessment data is ultimately a subjective process, requiring caution to limit potential errors.