The biological approach of the medical model focuses on genetics, neurotransmitters, neurophysiology, neuroanatomy, and so on. Psychopathology says that disorders have an organic or physical cause. The approach suggests that mental conditions are related to the brain's physical structure and functioning.
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What is the psychological approach to reducing disorder?
The psychological approach to reducing disorder involves providing help to individuals or families through psychological therapy, including psychoanalysis, humanistic-oriented therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), and other approaches.
Are psychological interventions effective in the treatment of bipolar depressive episodes?
While there has been particular interest in effective psychotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of bipolar depressive episodes, as antidepressant use is controversial due to the increased risk of mood switch, psychological interventions were found to be useful in all phases of the disorder.
What are the biological mechanisms of depression?
As previously discussed, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine are all involved in the biological mechanisms of maintaining depressive symptoms. While these drugs are effective, they come with serious side effects.
What are the different types of mood stabilizers?
Some of the most widely used mood stabilizers include lithium and anticonvulsant drugs, such as valproic acid (Valproic®), lamotrigine (Lamictal®), carbamazepine (Tegretol®), and oxecarbazepine (Trileptal®).
What are the treatments for mood disorders?
Mood disorders can often be treated with success. Treatment may include: Antidepressant and mood stabilizing medicines—especially when combined with psychotherapy have shown to work very well in the treatment of depression. Psychotherapy—most often cognitive-behavioral and/or interpersonal therapy.
Which of the following are biological explanations of mood disorders?
People with mood disorders often have imbalances in certain neurotransmitters, particularly norepinephrine and serotonin (Thase, 2009). These neurotransmitters are important regulators of the bodily functions that are disrupted in mood disorders, including appetite, sex drive, sleep, arousal, and mood.
What type of therapy is best for mood disorders?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the most widely researched form of therapy for mood disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder. With CBT, children, adolescents and young adults learn about the connections among their thoughts, feelings and behaviors.
What are two key moods involved in mood disorders?
Bipolar disorder (BD) (also called "manic depression" or "manic-depressive disorder"), an unstable emotional condition characterized by cycles of abnormal, persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression), which was formerly known as "manic depression" (and in some cases rapid cycling, mixed states, and psychotic ...
What does biological perspective mean in psychology?
The biological perspective is a way of looking at psychological issues by studying the physical basis for animal and human behavior. It is one of the major perspectives in psychology and involves such things as studying the brain, immune system, nervous system, and genetics.
Which of the following is an example of psychological disorders being caused by biological factors?
To consider one example, the psychological disorder of schizophrenia has a biological cause because it is known that there are patterns of genes that make a person vulnerable to the disorder (Gejman, Sanders, & Duan, 2010).
How does psychotherapy help with mood disorder?
Psychotherapy, or "talk" therapy, is an important part of treatment for bipolar disorder. During therapy, you can discuss feelings, thoughts, and behaviors that cause you problems. Talk therapy can help you understand and hopefully master any problems that hurt your ability to function well in your life and career.
How do you treat mood disorders in children?
How is DMDD treated?Psychotherapies. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is used to help children and adolescents learn how to cope with thoughts and feelings that contribute to their feeling depressed or anxious. ... Computer-based training. ... Medications.
What is mood therapy?
The goal of your therapy is to help you come to grips with your underlying mental issues, restore proper brain chemistry and find ways you can alleviate stress in your day-to-day life.
What could be some biological reasons to developing depression?
The biological factors that might have some effect on depression include: genes, hormones, and brain chemicals. Depression often runs in families, which suggests that individuals may inherit genes that make them vulnerable to developing depression.
What are the two main forms of mood disorder How are these disorders further characterized?
Major depressive disorder is characterized by overall depressed mood. Elevated moods are characterized by mania or hypomania. The cycling between both depressed and manic moods is characteristic of bipolar mood disorders.
How do you regulate your mood?
You might be able to regulate your moods if you do the following:Keep a schedule. Try to create a routine for yourself, especially when it comes to eating and sleeping.Exercise regularly. ... Get sufficient sleep. ... Eat a healthy diet. ... Practice relaxation. ... Avoid stress. ... Express yourself. ... Talk it out.
How to study genetics of disorder?
Another way to study the genetic component of a disorder is via twin studies. One would expect identical twins to have a higher rate of the disorder as opposed to fraternal twins, as identical twins share the same genetic make-up, whereas fraternal twins only share roughly 50%, similar to that of siblings.
What are the two types of depressive disorders?
Classify symptoms of depression. Within mood disorders are two distinct groups—individuals with depressive disorders and individuals with bipolar disorders . The key difference between the two mood disorder groups is episodes of mania/hypomania.
What is the prevalence rate of persistent depressive disorder?
The prevalence rate for persistent depressive disorder is much lower , with a 0.5% rate among adults in the United States. There is a difference among demographics, with individuals in the 18- to 29- year-old age bracket reporting the highest rates of depression than any other age group.
How many symptoms are there for major depressive disorder?
According to the DSM-5 (APA, 2013), in order to meet criteria for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, an individual must experience at least five symptoms across the four categories discussed above, in addition to either a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in activities.
What are the different types of depression?
These symptoms can generally be categorized into four categories: mood, behavioral, cognitive, and physical symptoms. 4.1.1.
Is depressive disorder a biological condition?
Research throughout the years continues to provide evidence that depressive disorders have some biological cause. While it does not explain every depressive case, it is safe to say that some individuals may at least have a predisposition to developing a depressive disorder. Among the biological factors are genetic factors, biochemical factors, and brain structure.
Do depressive disorders affect cognition?
It should not come as a surprise that there is a serious disruption in cognitions as individuals with depressive disorders typically hold a negative view of themselves and the world around them. They are quick to blame themselves when things go wrong, and rarely take credit when they experience positive achievements. Individuals with depressive disorders often feel worthless, which creates a negative feedback loop by reinforcing their overall depressed mood. Individuals with depressive disorder also report difficulty concentrating on tasks, as they are easily distracted from outside stimuli. This assertion is supported by research that has found individuals with depression perform worse than those without depression on tasks of memory, attention, and reasoning (Chen et al., 2013). Finally, thoughts of suicide and self-harm do occasionally occur in those with depressive disorders; this will be discussed in the epidemiology section in more detail.
What is mood disorder?
What is a mood disorder? A mood disorder is a mental health problem that primarily affects a person’s emotional state. It is a disorder in which a person experiences long periods of extreme happiness, extreme sadness, or both. It is normal for someone’s mood to change, depending on the situation. However, to be diagnosed with a mood disorder, ...
What are the two most common mood disorders?
Two of the most common mood disorders are depression and bipolar disorder . This article will review these disorders and some of their many subtypes.
What is cyclothymia disorder?
Cyclothymia disorder (cyclothymia) - This type of bipolar disorder has sometimes been defined as a milder form of bipolar disorder. People with cyclothymia experience continuous irregular mood swings – from mild to moderate emotional “highs” to mild to moderate “lows” – for extended periods of time.
What is the term for mood swings from depression to mania?
The episodes may be upsetting or disturbing and often have a theme. Depression related to a medical condition, medication, or substance abuse. Bipolar disorder (manic-depressive disorder). Bipolar disorder is defined by swings in mood from periods of depression to mania.
How long does it take for a mood disorder to go away?
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder - This type of mood disorder occurs seven to 10 days before menstruation and goes away within a few days of the start of the menstrual period. Researchers believe this disorder is brought about by the hormonal changes related to the menstrual cycle. Symptoms may include anger, irritability, tension, decreased interest in usual activities, and sleep problems.
What is the term for depression that lasts for two years?
Postpartum depression (peripartum depression) - This type of depression occurs during pregnancy or after delivery. Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) - This is a chronic form of depression that can last for at least two years. Symptoms may occasionally lessen in severity during this time.
How long does it take for an antidepressant to work?
Usually an antidepressant must be taken as prescribed for 4 to 6 weeks before it begins to work. Mood stabilizers - These medications help to regulate the mood swings that occur with bipolar disorder or other disorders. They reduce abnormal brain activity.
What is the chief motivating factor in both anorexia nervosa and bulimia
. The chief motivating factor in both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is#N#a. a desire to purge.# N#b. an overwhelming drive to eat. #N#c. an overwhelming urge to be thin.#N#d. a desire to starve oneself.
What is the best medication for bulimia nervosa?
Antidepressants have some effectiveness in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. c. Benzodiazepine medications have some effectiveness in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. d. Antipsychotic medications have been found to be effective for the treatment of bulimia nervosa.
Does bulimia nervosa occur in students?
a. anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa do not occur in students who were raised in countries where these disorders do not exist. b. anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are observed in some students who were raised in countries where these disorders do not exist.
Where is therapy practiced?
Therapy is practised by thousands of psychologists and other trained practitioners in Canada and around the world , and is responsible for billions of dollars of the health budget. To many people therapy involves a patient lying on a couch with a therapist sitting behind and nodding sagely as the patient speaks.
How many different types of therapy are there?
It is estimated that there are over 400 different kinds of therapy practised by people in many fields, and the most important of these are psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive behavioural therapy, and eclectic (i.e., a combination of therapies).
How does Gaba help with anxiety?
Antianxiety medications are drugs that help relieve fear or anxiety. They work by increasing the action of the neurotransmitter GABA. The increased level of GABA helps inhibit the action of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, creating a calming experience.
Why do people not seek psychotherapy?
Many people who would benefit from psychotherapy do not get it, either because they do not know how to find it or because they feel that they will be stigmatized and embarrassed if they seek help. The decision to not seek help is a very poor choice because the effectiveness of mental health treatments is well documented and, no matter where a person lives, there are treatments available (Canadian Mental Health Association, 2013).
What is the goal of this chapter?
The goal of this chapter is to review the techniques that are used to treat psychological disorder. Just as psychologists consider the causes of disorder in terms of the bio-psycho-social model of illness, treatment is also based on psychological, biological, and social approaches.
What are the mental disorders that dogs help with?
The dogs are trained to help people with a variety of mental disorders, including panic attacks, anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and bipolar disorder. They help veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan cope with their traumatic brain injuries as well as with PTSD.
Why were schizophrenics locked in asylums?
Until the middle of the 20th century, schizophrenia was inevitably accompanied by the presence of positive symptoms, including bizarre, disruptive, and potentially dangerous behaviour. As a result, schizophrenics were locked in asylums to protect them from themselves and to protect society from them. In the 1950s, a drug called chlorpromazine (Thorazine) was discovered that could reduce many of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Chlorpromazine was the first of many antipsychotic drugs.